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Abstract(s)
A presença da Companhia de Jesus nos territórios administrados pelo Império
Russo a partir de 1773 – ano da primeira divisão da Polónia – conta com uma história
longa de dois séculos. Neste mesmo ano de 1773, a Companhia de Jesus foi extinta pelo
Papa romano Clemente XIV mas o Instituto religioso dos Jesuítas manteve-se e continuou
a operar nos territórios russos. Ao longo dos 41 anos em que a Companhia de Jesus esteve
oficialmente suprimida decorreram, entre 1782 e 1805, na Companhia da Rússia Branca,
um total de cinco Congregações Gerais. Esta dissertação tem como ponto central a análise
da natureza destas mesmas Congregações. Procurar compreender as particularidades
destas Congregações Gerais, que se apresentaram como «extraordinárias em tempos
extraordinários» da Ordem, é o nosso objetivo primeiro. Deste modo perguntamos: as
Congregações Gerais da Rússia Branca revelam-nos que estamos entre um modelo
híbrido entre Congregações Gerais e Provinciais? No mesmo sentido, qual será a razão
para que as Congregações Gerais realizadas junto ao colégio jesuíta de Polotsk, referidas
na nomenclatura oficial como Congregationes Generales in Alba Russia Habitae -
Congregationes Generalis Polocensis (Primae, Secun...), não surjam contabilizadas no
número oficial de Congregações Gerais da Companhia de Jesus?
A análise desta problemática estrutura-se em três pontos essenciais.
Primeiramente, procurámos contextualizar a presença dos Jesuítas nos territórios russos,
a sua relação com a cultura e educação e com o poder político. Num segundo capítulo,
abordamos o tema das Congregações Gerais no governo da Companhia de Jesus e, de
modo especial, no que se refere ao contexto das Congregações dos territórios russos, as
suas especificidades e contexto histórico. Por fim, procedemos à análise das dinâmicas
de consolidação e crescimento da Companhia da Rússia Branca – tanto internas como
externas – e as suas relações com o poder civil e religioso.
The presence of the Society of Jesus in the territories administered by the Russian Empire from 1773 - the year of the first partition of Poland - has a two-century long history. In this same year of 1773, the Society of Jesus was extinguished by the Roman Pope Clement XIV but the religious Institute of the Jesuits remained and continued to operate in the Russian territories. During the 41 years that the Society of Jesus was officially suppressed, a total of five General Congregations took place in the Society of White Russia between 1782 and 1805. This dissertation has as its central point the analysis of the nature of these Congregations. Seeking to understand the particularities of these General Congregations, which presented themselves as "extraordinary in extraordinary times" of the Order, is our primary goal. Thus, we ask: do the General Congregations of White Russia reveal to us that we are in a hybrid model between General Congregations and Provincials? In this sense, what is the reason why the General Congregations held at the Jesuit college of Polotsk, referred to in the official nomenclature as Congregationes Generales in Alba Russia Habitae - Congregationes Generalis Polocensis (Primae, Secun...), are not counted in the official number of General Congregations of the Society of Jesus? The analysis of this problematic is structured in three essential points. First, we try to contextualize the presence of the Jesuits in the Russian territories, their relationship with culture and education and with the political power. In a second chapter, we address the theme of the General Congregations in the government of the Society of Jesus and, in a special way, regarding the context of the Congregations of the Russian territories, their specificities and historical context. Finally, we proceed to the analysis of the dynamics of consolidation and growth of the Society of White Russia - both internal and external - and its relations with civil and religious power.
The presence of the Society of Jesus in the territories administered by the Russian Empire from 1773 - the year of the first partition of Poland - has a two-century long history. In this same year of 1773, the Society of Jesus was extinguished by the Roman Pope Clement XIV but the religious Institute of the Jesuits remained and continued to operate in the Russian territories. During the 41 years that the Society of Jesus was officially suppressed, a total of five General Congregations took place in the Society of White Russia between 1782 and 1805. This dissertation has as its central point the analysis of the nature of these Congregations. Seeking to understand the particularities of these General Congregations, which presented themselves as "extraordinary in extraordinary times" of the Order, is our primary goal. Thus, we ask: do the General Congregations of White Russia reveal to us that we are in a hybrid model between General Congregations and Provincials? In this sense, what is the reason why the General Congregations held at the Jesuit college of Polotsk, referred to in the official nomenclature as Congregationes Generales in Alba Russia Habitae - Congregationes Generalis Polocensis (Primae, Secun...), are not counted in the official number of General Congregations of the Society of Jesus? The analysis of this problematic is structured in three essential points. First, we try to contextualize the presence of the Jesuits in the Russian territories, their relationship with culture and education and with the political power. In a second chapter, we address the theme of the General Congregations in the government of the Society of Jesus and, in a special way, regarding the context of the Congregations of the Russian territories, their specificities and historical context. Finally, we proceed to the analysis of the dynamics of consolidation and growth of the Society of White Russia - both internal and external - and its relations with civil and religious power.
Description
Keywords
Companhia de Jesus Congregações Gerais Império Russo Rússia Branca Supressão Obediência Society of Jesus General Congregations Russian Empire White Russia Suppression Obedience