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A gestão dos serviços de enfermagem é um desafio para as organizações de saúde. Neste sentido, e devido ao caráter estratégico do capital intelectual, este trabalho de investigação analisa o capital intelectual e a capacidade inovadora dos serviços de enfermagem, segundo a perceção dos enfermeiros. Para a sustentação teórica, realizou-se uma revisão da literatura baseada em dois alicerces conceptuais, um retrata a definição capital intelectual, seus componentes e os recursos/ativos do conhecimento nas organizações, o outro, caracteriza a inovação organizacional, especificando a inovação em serviços de saúde e serviços de enfermagem. A revisão da literatura retratou as características do capital intelectual e da inovação o que permitiu aferir o modelo conceptual. Após revisão da literatura e desenhada a estratégia metodológica a aplicar neste estudo, decidimo-nos pela utilização do questionário de Santos-Rodrigues, Figueroa-Dorrego e Jardón-Fernández (2008) e realizamos a sua adaptação aos serviços de enfermagem portugueses. O instrumento final passou a designar-se de Questionário do Capital Intelectual e da Capacidade Inovadora dos Serviços de Enfermagem (QCICISE) e foi aplicado aos enfermeiros inscritos na Ordem dos Enfermeiros, entidade, que publicou e enviou o repetivo link aos enfermieros inscritos na ordem dos enfermeiros, para o respetivo preenchimento. A amostra utilizada foi uma amostra por conveniência, concluindo-se pela reposta valida de 1388 enfermeiros. Os dados obtidos, foram analisados e validados através de estatísticas descritivas e análise fatorial exploratoria, através da análise factorial dos componentes principais. Como resultados evidenciaram-se bons índices de consistência interna (superiores a 0,8), distribuídos por 4 fatores (capital humano, capital relacional, capital estrutural, inovação), com valores de Alpha de Cronbach a avariar entre 0,83 e 0,97, evidenciando um instrumento de colheita de dados fidedigno e robusto no contexto estudado. Utilizamos adicionalmente, uma análise estatística confirmatória através da técnica estatistica Parcial Least Square (PLS-SEM). Desta análise, considerando os resultados factoriais recolhidos com a análise dos componentes principais, confirmamos a correlação das variáveis do capital estrutural e do capital relacional dos serviços de enfermagem com uma relação direta com a adopção e criação de inovações de produto/processo/gestão das organizações de saúde. Relativamente ao capital humano, verificamos que este está relacionado com o capital relacional e capital estrutural, no entanto, não verificamos uma relação direta destes dois capitais com adopção e criação de inovações de produto/processo/gestão das organizações de saúde A relação do capital humano com a adopção e criação de inovações de produto/processo/gestão e a inovação implementada nas organizações de saúde, verifica-se apenas de forma indireta, através dos outros componentes Os elevados pesos fatoriais obtidos realçam a relação preditiva do capital estrutural e capital relacional dos serviços de enfermagem e a adopção e criação de inovações de produto/processo/gestão das organizações de saúde , sustentando a robustez do modelo proposto. Adicionalmente, concluimos que as inovações adoptadas tem uma relação positiva e mais relevante do que as inovações criadas relativamente às inovações implementadas, pelas instituições de saúde portuguesas. Esta evidência permite reconhecer que os serviços de enfermagem portugueses têm recursos que podem constituir uma vantagem, e dessa forma considerados como ativos estratégicos nas organizações de saúde. Assim, o modelo de estudo do capital intelectual e a capacidade inovadora dos serviços de enfermagem, foi validado e constitui-se como um instrumento de apoio à gestão, em particular no que concerne a gestão do capital intelectual e da capacidade inovadora das unidades de saúde portuguesas.
The management of nursing services is a challenge for health organizations. In this sense, and due to the strategic nature of intellectual capital, this research analyses the intellectual capital and innovative capacity of nursing services, according to the nurses' perception. For theoretical support, a review of the literature based on two conceptual foundations was carried out, one portrays the definition of intellectual capital, its components and knowledge resources / assets in organizations, the other characterizes organizational innovation, specifying innovation in services health and nursing services. The review of the literature portrayed the characteristics of intellectual capital and innovation, which allowed us to gauge the conceptual model. After reviewing the literature and designing the methodological strategy to be applied in this study, we decided to use the questionnaire Santos-Rodrigues, Figueroa-Dorrego and Jardón-Fernández (2008) and adapted it to the Portuguese nursing services. The final instrument was called the Intellectual Capital Questionnaire and Innovative Capacity of Nursing Services (QCICISE) and was applied to nurses enrolled in the Order of Nurses, which published and sent the repeating link to registered nurses in the order of nurses, for their completion. The sample used was a convenience sample, concluded by the valid response of 1388 nurses. The obtained data were analysed and validated through descriptive statistics and exploratory factor analysis, through the factorial analysis of the main components. As results, good internal consistency indexes (greater than 0.8) were found, distributed by 4 factors (human capital, relational capital, structural capital, innovation), with Cronbach's Alpha values failing between 0.83 and 0, 97, evidencing a reliable and robust data collection instrument in the studied context. We also used a statistical analysis confirmatory using the Least Square Partial Statistical technique (PLS-SEM). From this analysis, considering the factorial results collected with the analysis of the main components, we confirm the correlation of the variables of structural capital and relational capital of the nursing services with a direct relation with the adoption and creation of innovations of product / process / management of health organizations. Regarding human capital, we found that this is related to relational capital and structural capital, however, we do not find a direct relation of these two capitals with adoption and creation of innovations of product / process / management of health organizations. The relation of human capital with the adoption and creation of product / process / management innovations and the innovation implemented in health organizations, is verified only indirectly, through the other components. The high factor weights obtained highlight the predictive relation of structural capital and relational capital of nursing services and the adoption and creation of product / process / management innovations of health organizations, supporting the robustness of the proposed model. In addition, we conclude that the innovations adopted have a positive and more relevant relationship than the innovations created in relation to the innovations implemented by the Portuguese health institutions. This evidence makes it possible to recognize that Portuguese nursing services have resources that can be an advantage, and thus considered as strategic assets in health organizations. Thus, the model for the study of intellectual capital and the innovative capacity of nursing services has been validated and constitutes an instrument to support management, particularly regarding the management of intellectual capital and the innovative capacity of Portuguese health units.
The management of nursing services is a challenge for health organizations. In this sense, and due to the strategic nature of intellectual capital, this research analyses the intellectual capital and innovative capacity of nursing services, according to the nurses' perception. For theoretical support, a review of the literature based on two conceptual foundations was carried out, one portrays the definition of intellectual capital, its components and knowledge resources / assets in organizations, the other characterizes organizational innovation, specifying innovation in services health and nursing services. The review of the literature portrayed the characteristics of intellectual capital and innovation, which allowed us to gauge the conceptual model. After reviewing the literature and designing the methodological strategy to be applied in this study, we decided to use the questionnaire Santos-Rodrigues, Figueroa-Dorrego and Jardón-Fernández (2008) and adapted it to the Portuguese nursing services. The final instrument was called the Intellectual Capital Questionnaire and Innovative Capacity of Nursing Services (QCICISE) and was applied to nurses enrolled in the Order of Nurses, which published and sent the repeating link to registered nurses in the order of nurses, for their completion. The sample used was a convenience sample, concluded by the valid response of 1388 nurses. The obtained data were analysed and validated through descriptive statistics and exploratory factor analysis, through the factorial analysis of the main components. As results, good internal consistency indexes (greater than 0.8) were found, distributed by 4 factors (human capital, relational capital, structural capital, innovation), with Cronbach's Alpha values failing between 0.83 and 0, 97, evidencing a reliable and robust data collection instrument in the studied context. We also used a statistical analysis confirmatory using the Least Square Partial Statistical technique (PLS-SEM). From this analysis, considering the factorial results collected with the analysis of the main components, we confirm the correlation of the variables of structural capital and relational capital of the nursing services with a direct relation with the adoption and creation of innovations of product / process / management of health organizations. Regarding human capital, we found that this is related to relational capital and structural capital, however, we do not find a direct relation of these two capitals with adoption and creation of innovations of product / process / management of health organizations. The relation of human capital with the adoption and creation of product / process / management innovations and the innovation implemented in health organizations, is verified only indirectly, through the other components. The high factor weights obtained highlight the predictive relation of structural capital and relational capital of nursing services and the adoption and creation of product / process / management innovations of health organizations, supporting the robustness of the proposed model. In addition, we conclude that the innovations adopted have a positive and more relevant relationship than the innovations created in relation to the innovations implemented by the Portuguese health institutions. This evidence makes it possible to recognize that Portuguese nursing services have resources that can be an advantage, and thus considered as strategic assets in health organizations. Thus, the model for the study of intellectual capital and the innovative capacity of nursing services has been validated and constitutes an instrument to support management, particularly regarding the management of intellectual capital and the innovative capacity of Portuguese health units.
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Palavras-chave
Serviços de enfermagem Capital intelectual Capacidade inovadora Gestão Nursing services Intellectual capital Innovative capacity Management