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Este relatório de estágio apresenta o trabalho desenvolvido ao longo do estágio curricular na empresa Padrão Ortopédico, no Porto. O objetivo principal do estágio teve por base o desenvolvimento de um software para análise da marcha em amputados de membro inferior. A motivação para o desenvolvimento deste software derivou da necessidade de se poder quantificar os desvios dos amputados ao longo da marcha e tornar o procedimento de alinhamento de próteses mais objetivo e prático para os técnicos de ortoprotesia. O alinhamento da prótese é fundamental para que o amputado consiga ter uma marcha confortável e estável. As próteses mais utilizadas atualmente, endosqueléticas, são formadas por componentes individuais e permitem um alinhamento mais personalizado. Como tal, é possível alinhar cada componente individualmente e usar os tipos de componentes que mais se adequem às necessidades do amputado. As análises de marcha bidimensionais são realizadas de forma simples e barata, bastando usar a câmara de um smartphone, pequenos marcadores e software para o tratamento e processamento dos dados. Para realizar as análises de marcha foram usados marcadores com 2 cm de diâmetro que foram colocados nos principais pontos anatómicos do membro inferior e no ombro. Foi usada a câmara de um smartphone para recolher as imagens e, de seguida, foi usado o Kinovea para fazer a identificação e tracking dos marcadores. Foi desenvolvida uma aplicação web que permitiu processar os dados e obter os resultados relativos aos movimentos angulares no plano sagital e desvios entre os dois membros, no plano sagital e frontal. A aplicação permitiu fazer a comparação dos resultados obtidos com valores de referência, de modo a perceber se os desvios encontrados eram significativos. Foi analisada a marcha de 10 amputados, 3 transfemorais e 7 transtibiais. Em todos os amputados foram encontrados alguns desvios, no entanto a maioria apresentou um padrão de marcha relativamente estável. Em suma, o software mostrou-se eficaz na deteção de desvios na marcha de amputados de membro inferior e a sua utilização foi avaliada de forma positiva pelo público-alvo, técnicos de ortoprotesia.
This internship report presents all the work developed at Padrão Ortopédico during the five weeks of the internship. The internship's main goal comprised the development of new software for gait analysis in lower limb amputees. The motivation to develop this software appeared due to the need to quantify the gait deviations of amputees and make all the processes of prosthesis alignment faster and easier for orthoprosthesis technicians. Prosthesis alignment is essential to ensure that the amputee has a safe and comfortable gait pattern. Endoskeletal prosthesis, currently the most popular prosthesis type, consists of several independent components, like a knee, a foot, several adapters, and tubes. These independently components are precisely aligned to improve the prosthesis alignment. When fully assembled, they enable the creation of a unique customized prosthesis for each patient. Currently, bidimensional gait analysis is a widely used technique for gait analysis. It’s a cheap, fast, and easy way to assess several essential gait parameters, like angular movements of the main joints in the sagittal plane. It only requires a smartphone camera, markers, and software to process all the collected data. The gait analysis performed at Padrão Ortopédico used markers with 2 cm of diameter placed right above the main joints of the lower limbs and shoulder. After capturing the images of the amputee walking, Kinovea was used to identify and track the markers. With the tracking data, the developed software performed data post-processing and presented all the results. It was possible to analyze the angular movement of the lower limbs in the sagittal plane and compare the deviations between both limbs in the sagittal and frontal planes. In conclusion, the developed software presents good performance results, being able to detect several gait deviations. Another prime success was the software's simplicity and intuitive ease of use, allowing anyone to operate it without further difficulties. This software presents itself as a relevant tool in the orthoprosthesis field.
This internship report presents all the work developed at Padrão Ortopédico during the five weeks of the internship. The internship's main goal comprised the development of new software for gait analysis in lower limb amputees. The motivation to develop this software appeared due to the need to quantify the gait deviations of amputees and make all the processes of prosthesis alignment faster and easier for orthoprosthesis technicians. Prosthesis alignment is essential to ensure that the amputee has a safe and comfortable gait pattern. Endoskeletal prosthesis, currently the most popular prosthesis type, consists of several independent components, like a knee, a foot, several adapters, and tubes. These independently components are precisely aligned to improve the prosthesis alignment. When fully assembled, they enable the creation of a unique customized prosthesis for each patient. Currently, bidimensional gait analysis is a widely used technique for gait analysis. It’s a cheap, fast, and easy way to assess several essential gait parameters, like angular movements of the main joints in the sagittal plane. It only requires a smartphone camera, markers, and software to process all the collected data. The gait analysis performed at Padrão Ortopédico used markers with 2 cm of diameter placed right above the main joints of the lower limbs and shoulder. After capturing the images of the amputee walking, Kinovea was used to identify and track the markers. With the tracking data, the developed software performed data post-processing and presented all the results. It was possible to analyze the angular movement of the lower limbs in the sagittal plane and compare the deviations between both limbs in the sagittal and frontal planes. In conclusion, the developed software presents good performance results, being able to detect several gait deviations. Another prime success was the software's simplicity and intuitive ease of use, allowing anyone to operate it without further difficulties. This software presents itself as a relevant tool in the orthoprosthesis field.
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Keywords
Amputados de membro inferior Próteses de membro inferior Marcha de amputados de membro inferior Análise de marcha Lower limb amputee Lower limb prosthesis Lower limb amputee’s gait Gait analysis