Advisor(s)
Abstract(s)
O relatório que aqui apresentamos traduz um percurso de investigação na área do exercício do Papel de Membro da Família Prestador de Cuidados (MFPC) de dependentes em casa, especificamente centrado num dos aspectos que pode condicionar a transição para o papel – os recursos e estruturas de suporte disponíveis. Através duma melhor compreensão da natureza dos tipos de suporte e recursos mobilizados pelos MFPC, pretendemos contribuir para a melhoria da qualidade dos cuidados de enfermagem.
Trata-se de um estudo longitudinal prospectivo, de natureza qualitativa e perfil exploratório, utilizando os princípios da Grounded Theory na análise dos dados. Os participantes no estudo correspondem a seis casos - seis MFPC e seis pessoas dependentes – as últimas das quais inicialmente internadas nos serviços de Medicina do Centro Hospitalar Tâmega e Sousa, EPE. A recolha de dados decorreu entre Junho de 2007 e Outubro de 2008, com base na realização de entrevistas e observação em três momentos distintos: i) antes da alta da pessoa dependente; ii) uma semana após o regresso a casa da pessoa dependente; iii) e cerca de dois meses após o regresso a casa.
Da análise dos dados percebemos que os factores explicativos da utilização, desejo e percepção do suporte para o exercício do tomar conta dizem respeito a aspectos relacionados com o MFPC e com a própria pessoa dependente.
No que diz respeito aos MFPC, percebemos que a incidência de problemas de saúde, assim como de necessidades concorrentes, tais como as tarefas domésticas e as ocupações profissionais, são aspectos que explicam o aumento do desejo e utilização de suporte e recursos nas actividades de tomar conta dos dependentes. Relativamente às condições pessoais do MFPC, os significados, o status socioecononómico e a preparação/conhecimento são também factores explicativos do fenómeno estudado.
Naquilo que se reporta à pessoa dependente, salientamos que quanto maior a condição de dependência no autocuidado e a incidência de compromissos nos processos cognitivos maior é o desejo e, no limite, a utilização de suporte. Contudo, quando existe essencialmente por parte do MFPC a consciência de grande potencial de autonomia e recuperação do dependente, o desejo e utilização de estruturas de suporte tendem a aumentar.
Em termos de evolução temporal do fenómeno, os resultados alcançados evidenciam um pico do desejo e utilização de suporte, em particular de cariz instrumental, nos primeiros tempos (uma - duas semanas) após o regresso a casa. O desejo de suporte de cariz emocional por parte dos MFPC, é algo que tende a acentuar-se ao longo do tempo; à medida que as preocupações de quem toma conta se vão esvanecendo relativamente à prestação de cuidados directos e instrumentais ao dependente, vão aumentando as suas (do MFPC) próprias necessidades, particularmente as de cariz emocional.
This paper reports a research about caregivers of dependents in their homes, specifically focusing on aspects that can influence the transition to the role - the resources and support structures available. Through a better understanding of the nature of support and resources mobilized by caregivers, we intend to contribute to the improvement of quality of nursing care. It’s a prospective, longitudinal, qualitative and exploratory study, using the Grounded Theory principles of data analysis. The participants of this study were six caregivers and their care receivers who were admitted in any medical service of the CHTS-EPE. Data collection occurred between June 2007 and October 2008, and consisted of three interviews at each of the caregivers in three distinct points in time: (i) before dependent’s discharge, (ii) one week after dependent’s discharge and (iii) about two month after dependent’s discharge. From the data analysis we realized that the factors explaining the used, needed and perceived support for caretaking refer to aspects related to caregiver and care receiver. The caregiver’s condition, particularly their health problems, as well as other competing needs such as household tasks and professional occupations, are also aspects that explain the desire and use of support to caretaking. With regard to the personal conditions of the caregiver, meanings, the socioeconomic status and preparation / knowledge are also factors that explain the studied phenomena. In what refers to the dependent person, we note that the higher is self-care dependency and cognitive processes impairment, the higher is the desire and, if available, the use of support. However, when caregivers are aware of the potential for recovery of care receiver’s autonomy, the needed and used support structures tend to increase. In terms of temporal evolution of the phenomenon, the results show a peak of desire and use of support, especially instrumental support, in early times (one - two weeks) after care receiver´s returning home. The needs of emotional support are something that tends to widen over time; as caregiver concerning with instrumental caretaking tends to decrease over time, their (caregiver) emotional support needs tend to increase.
This paper reports a research about caregivers of dependents in their homes, specifically focusing on aspects that can influence the transition to the role - the resources and support structures available. Through a better understanding of the nature of support and resources mobilized by caregivers, we intend to contribute to the improvement of quality of nursing care. It’s a prospective, longitudinal, qualitative and exploratory study, using the Grounded Theory principles of data analysis. The participants of this study were six caregivers and their care receivers who were admitted in any medical service of the CHTS-EPE. Data collection occurred between June 2007 and October 2008, and consisted of three interviews at each of the caregivers in three distinct points in time: (i) before dependent’s discharge, (ii) one week after dependent’s discharge and (iii) about two month after dependent’s discharge. From the data analysis we realized that the factors explaining the used, needed and perceived support for caretaking refer to aspects related to caregiver and care receiver. The caregiver’s condition, particularly their health problems, as well as other competing needs such as household tasks and professional occupations, are also aspects that explain the desire and use of support to caretaking. With regard to the personal conditions of the caregiver, meanings, the socioeconomic status and preparation / knowledge are also factors that explain the studied phenomena. In what refers to the dependent person, we note that the higher is self-care dependency and cognitive processes impairment, the higher is the desire and, if available, the use of support. However, when caregivers are aware of the potential for recovery of care receiver’s autonomy, the needed and used support structures tend to increase. In terms of temporal evolution of the phenomenon, the results show a peak of desire and use of support, especially instrumental support, in early times (one - two weeks) after care receiver´s returning home. The needs of emotional support are something that tends to widen over time; as caregiver concerning with instrumental caretaking tends to decrease over time, their (caregiver) emotional support needs tend to increase.
Description
Keywords
Membro da família prestador de cuidados Suporte Recursos Pessoa dependente Caregiver Support Resources Dependent person