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Authors
Abstract(s)
A presente dissertação tem como objetivo primordial abordar a questão da
dívida. Fá-lo a partir de um ponto de vista que é simultaneamente éticofilosófico
e económico-financeiro, para abordar um tema extremamente atual na
economia e na gestão. Procura-se perceber as raízes filosóficas da noção de
dívida, para ajudar a perceber até que ponto se pode falar de uma “ética da
dívida” e de que formas é que ela se manifesta. Assim, adota uma abordagem
hermenêutica, de análise qualitativa não só da dívida, mas também de outras
noções conexas.
Mais concretamente, aborda o desenvolvimento do capitalismo e do seu
“espírito”, notando os valores que lhe são próprios e recorda a história recente
da crise económica que causou a crise das dívidas soberanas na Europa.
Analisando em seguida os dados da dívida portuguesa (pública e privada)
conclui que muito dificilmente se poderá considerar que ela é sustentável e que
cumprirá sem problemas as metas e objetivos com os quais Portugal se
comprometeu ao assinar o Tratado Orçamental. Assim, a dissertação discute a
possibilidade da reestruturação da dívida, distinguindo os planos ético,
económico-financeiro e político.
Conclui-se igualmente que a elevada dívida é um desafio para as empresas e
para a economia portuguesa como um todo e que, em todas estas questões,
existem conceitos éticos e argumentos éticos que são mobilizados. A dissertação
identifica e analisa esses conceitos e esses argumentos mostrando que não é só a
dívida que é um desafio, é a “ética da dívida” que ajuda a compreendê-la e a
tomar decisões sobre o que fazer com as dívidas.
This dissertation establishes as its main goal to analyze the topic of debt. It does so from a perspective that stems simultaneously from ethics/philosophy and economics/finance, in order to tackle an issue that is extremely relevant in both economics and management nowadays. It seeks to understand the philosophical roots of debt, so that it becomes possible to understand to what extent we can speak about an “ethics of debt” and to grasp how it manifests itself. The dissertation thus adopts a hermeneutical, qualitative analysis not only of debt but also of other adjacent notions. Concretely, it mentions the development of capitalism and its “spirit”, including its specific values, and it recalls the recent history of the economic crisis that caused the crisis of sovereign debts in Europe. Then it analyzes the data of Portuguese (public and private) debt, concluding that it can hardly be considered sustainable and that Portugal probably will not be able to reach the goals and objectives established of the European Fiscal Compact that were nevertheless agreed to. Consequently, the dissertation discusses the possibility of debt restructuring, distinguishing the ethical, economic/financial and political standpoints. It also concludes that the current high level of debt is a serious challenge to Portuguese corporations and to the Portuguese economy as a whole and also that in all these discussions there are ethical concepts and claims that are usually used. The dissertation pinpoints and analyzes those concepts and claims, showing that not only is debt a challenge; furthermore, it is the “ethics of debt” that helps to understand debt and helps in the decision making process of what to do with debts.
This dissertation establishes as its main goal to analyze the topic of debt. It does so from a perspective that stems simultaneously from ethics/philosophy and economics/finance, in order to tackle an issue that is extremely relevant in both economics and management nowadays. It seeks to understand the philosophical roots of debt, so that it becomes possible to understand to what extent we can speak about an “ethics of debt” and to grasp how it manifests itself. The dissertation thus adopts a hermeneutical, qualitative analysis not only of debt but also of other adjacent notions. Concretely, it mentions the development of capitalism and its “spirit”, including its specific values, and it recalls the recent history of the economic crisis that caused the crisis of sovereign debts in Europe. Then it analyzes the data of Portuguese (public and private) debt, concluding that it can hardly be considered sustainable and that Portugal probably will not be able to reach the goals and objectives established of the European Fiscal Compact that were nevertheless agreed to. Consequently, the dissertation discusses the possibility of debt restructuring, distinguishing the ethical, economic/financial and political standpoints. It also concludes that the current high level of debt is a serious challenge to Portuguese corporations and to the Portuguese economy as a whole and also that in all these discussions there are ethical concepts and claims that are usually used. The dissertation pinpoints and analyzes those concepts and claims, showing that not only is debt a challenge; furthermore, it is the “ethics of debt” that helps to understand debt and helps in the decision making process of what to do with debts.
Description
Keywords
Capitalismo Crises económicas Dívida Ética Capitalism Debt Economic crises Ethics