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Este ensaio aborda a teoria da cultura do filósofo espanhol José Ortega y Gasset na base de duas noções fundamentais: a de virtual e a de segurança, as quais apenas se tornaram possíveis a partir da “viragem” fenomenológica do autor, nos anos que antecederam a Primeira Grande Guerra. Esta teoria fenomenológica da cultura caracteriza-se por três ideias fundamentais. Em primeiro lugar, Ortega defenderá que a cultura é constituída por um conjunto de noções que servem para a vida, é uma criação intersubjectiva com pretensão de verdade e de objectividade, correndo o risco de, se o não for, se transformar numa impostura. Em segundo lugar, que, pela cultura, exprimimos aquilo que em cada coisa vai para lá dela e remete para todas as outras, constituindo a dimensão de profundidade que está latente no que, em cada uma, é patente. Em terceiro lugar, que a cultura significa claridade da visão, o que Ortega chama, também, conceito: assim, a cultura, não sendo a vida nem as suas profundezas, é o comentário à vida, não no sentido de algo de acessório, mas sim como a própria vida conduzida à sua plenitude.
This paper addresses the theory of culture of the Spanish philosopher José Ortega y Gasset on the basis of two fundamental notions: that of virtual and that of security, which only became possible after Ortega’s phenomenological “turn”, in the years before the First World War. This phenomenological theory of culture is characterized by three fundamental assumptions. In the first place, Ortega will defend that culture is made up of a set of ideas that are useful for life, it is an intersubjective creation that intends truth and objectivity, at the risk of becoming an imposture if that intention is not fulfilled. Secondly, that, through culture, we express what in each thing goes beyond it and refers to everything else, i.e. what represents the dimension of depth that is always latent in what, in each of them, is evident. Thirdly, that culture means clarity of vision, which for Ortega means the same as concept: thus, culture, being neither life nor its depths, is the commentary on life, not in the sense of something accessory to it, but as life itself led to its completeness.
This paper addresses the theory of culture of the Spanish philosopher José Ortega y Gasset on the basis of two fundamental notions: that of virtual and that of security, which only became possible after Ortega’s phenomenological “turn”, in the years before the First World War. This phenomenological theory of culture is characterized by three fundamental assumptions. In the first place, Ortega will defend that culture is made up of a set of ideas that are useful for life, it is an intersubjective creation that intends truth and objectivity, at the risk of becoming an imposture if that intention is not fulfilled. Secondly, that, through culture, we express what in each thing goes beyond it and refers to everything else, i.e. what represents the dimension of depth that is always latent in what, in each of them, is evident. Thirdly, that culture means clarity of vision, which for Ortega means the same as concept: thus, culture, being neither life nor its depths, is the commentary on life, not in the sense of something accessory to it, but as life itself led to its completeness.
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Cultura Virtual Segurança Conceito Vida Culture Virtual Security Concept Life