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Advisor(s)
Abstract(s)
O envelhecimento populacional é uma realidade a nível mundial que traz novos desafios aos indivíduos em particular e à sociedade em geral, aumentando a carga global de doenças crónicas não transmissíveis. A Diabetes mellitus e as suas complicações são uma ameaça de relevo à saúde das pessoas pois aumentam a mortalidade e a incapacidade, condicionando a sua qualidade de vida. O pé diabético é considerado uma das complicações mais graves da diabetes, pelo sofrimento humano individual e coletivo que provoca, assim como pela incapacidade física, psicológica e económica. A perda de mobilidade, a necessidade de internamentos recorrente, as taxas de amputação elevadas e os onerosos custos para a sociedade, fazem com que a sua prevenção constitua um desafio para a saúde pública. O Enfermeiro Especialista em Enfermagem Comunitária é o profissional especializado na promoção da capacitação de grupos e comunidades, desenvolvendo estratégias de intervenção comunitária a fim de colmatar necessidades identificadas. Age como promotor da mudança de comportamentos, contribuindo para a promoção da saúde e a prevenção da doença. Este documento pretende relatar a intervenção comunitária desenvolvida numa Unidade de Cuidados na Comunidade da área urbana de Lisboa, no período de 03 de setembro a 19 de dezembro de 2018 com a finalidade de promover o autocuidado aos pés, a pessoas com diabetes. O projeto implementado foi sustentado pela metodologia do Planeamento em Saúde e pelo referencial teórico de Dorothea Orem com a Teoria de Enfermagem do Défice do Autocuidado. Para a realização do diagnóstico de situação foi feita recolha de dados proveniente da aplicação de um questionário e da observação dos pés a 17 participantes. Após a análise dos dados foi identificado défice de autocuidado, de conhecimento e de autovigilância dos pés. Para dar resposta a estas necessidades, foram selecionadas as seguintes estratégias: educação para a saúde, envolvimento da equipa multiprofissional e mobilização de recursos da comunidade. Neste sentido, foram desenvolvidas atividades com o objetivo de promover a aquisição de conhecimentos e desenvolver nas pessoas habilidades necessárias para a realização do autocuidado aos pés. Planeadas e realizadas duas sessões de educação para a saúde em grupo, interativas, com o objetivo de estimular a aprendizagem e a partilha de experiências e competências. Articulada uma parceria com a Associação de Amigos e Moradores do Bairro, que cedeu o espaço físico para as sessões de educação para a saúde. Elaborámos como instrumentos de apoio, materiais educativos dirigidos aos participantes, redigidos com linguagem simples e clara para facilitar a sua compreensão. Foram planeadas e implementadas estratégias para que o projeto tenha continuidade, nomeadamente a apresentação do projeto à equipa, a criação de uma pasta digital com a compilação da documentação utilizada no projeto de intervenção comunitária e a calendarização da reavaliação do mesmo. Os objetivos específicos traçados foram atingidos após avaliação através dos indicadores de atividade, resultado e estrutura definidos. Este percurso permitiu o desenvolvimento pessoal e profissional de competências no âmbito da Enfermagem Comunitária.
Population ageing is a global reality that brings new challenges to individuals and to society in general, increasing the global burden of chronic non-communicable diseases. Diabetes mellitus and its complications are a major threat to society's health as they increase mortality and incapacity, conditioning their quality of life. Diabetic foot is considered one of the most serious complications of diabetes, by the individual and collective human suffering it causes, as well as physical, psychological and economic incapacity. Loss of mobility, the need for recurrent hospitalization, high amputation rates and high costs to society makes their prevention a challenge to public health. Nurse Specialist in Community Nursing is the professional specialized in promoting the capacity of groups and communities, developing community intervention strategies to rectify their needs. Acts as a promoter of behavior change, contributing to health promotion and disease prevention. This document intends to describe the community intervention developed in a Community Care Unit in the urban area of Lisbon, from September 3 to December 19 of 2018 with the purpose of promoting feet self-care of people with diabetes. The implemented project was supported by the Health Planning methodology and the theoretical reference of Dorothea Orem with the Nursing Theory of Self-Care Deficit. To carry out the diagnosis phase the data collection was performed through a questionnaire and foot observation of 17 participants. After analysing the data, it was identified self-care deficit, lack of knowledge and feet self-monitoring. To respond to these needs, the following strategies were selected: health education, multi-disciplinary team involvement and mobilizing community resources. For that purpose, activities were developed with the goal of promoting the acquisition of knowledge and developing in people the necessary skills for feet self-care. Two interactive group health education sessions were planned and held to encourage learning and sharing of experiences and competencies. Those sessions were supported by a local partnership with “Associação de Amigos e Moradores do Bairro”, which provided the physical space and other resources. It was also prepared educational material addressed to the participants, written with simple and clear messages to enable their understanding. Strategies were planned for the project continuity, namely the presentation of the project to the team, a digital folder with a compilation of the documentation used in the community intervention project and the scheduling of the re-assessment. The proposed specific goals were achieved based on evaluation through the indicators of activity, results and structure defined. This path allowed the personal and professional development of competences within the scope of community nursing.
Population ageing is a global reality that brings new challenges to individuals and to society in general, increasing the global burden of chronic non-communicable diseases. Diabetes mellitus and its complications are a major threat to society's health as they increase mortality and incapacity, conditioning their quality of life. Diabetic foot is considered one of the most serious complications of diabetes, by the individual and collective human suffering it causes, as well as physical, psychological and economic incapacity. Loss of mobility, the need for recurrent hospitalization, high amputation rates and high costs to society makes their prevention a challenge to public health. Nurse Specialist in Community Nursing is the professional specialized in promoting the capacity of groups and communities, developing community intervention strategies to rectify their needs. Acts as a promoter of behavior change, contributing to health promotion and disease prevention. This document intends to describe the community intervention developed in a Community Care Unit in the urban area of Lisbon, from September 3 to December 19 of 2018 with the purpose of promoting feet self-care of people with diabetes. The implemented project was supported by the Health Planning methodology and the theoretical reference of Dorothea Orem with the Nursing Theory of Self-Care Deficit. To carry out the diagnosis phase the data collection was performed through a questionnaire and foot observation of 17 participants. After analysing the data, it was identified self-care deficit, lack of knowledge and feet self-monitoring. To respond to these needs, the following strategies were selected: health education, multi-disciplinary team involvement and mobilizing community resources. For that purpose, activities were developed with the goal of promoting the acquisition of knowledge and developing in people the necessary skills for feet self-care. Two interactive group health education sessions were planned and held to encourage learning and sharing of experiences and competencies. Those sessions were supported by a local partnership with “Associação de Amigos e Moradores do Bairro”, which provided the physical space and other resources. It was also prepared educational material addressed to the participants, written with simple and clear messages to enable their understanding. Strategies were planned for the project continuity, namely the presentation of the project to the team, a digital folder with a compilation of the documentation used in the community intervention project and the scheduling of the re-assessment. The proposed specific goals were achieved based on evaluation through the indicators of activity, results and structure defined. This path allowed the personal and professional development of competences within the scope of community nursing.
Description
Keywords
Enfermagem comunitária Pé diabético Prevenção Autocuidado Educação para a saúde Community nursing Diabetic foot Prevention Self-Care Health education