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Diagnóstico de enfermagem comunitária das escolas profissionais de uma cidade do norte de Portugal
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A escola constitui um contexto estratégico para a promoção da saúde dos adolescentes. No âmbito do desenvolvimento de competências em Enfermagem Comunitária numa Unidade de Cuidados na Comunidade (UCC), identificou-se a ausência de dados atualizados sobre estudantes de escolas profissionais, justificando a realização de um diagnóstico de saúde para caracterizar determinantes sociais, comportamentos e necessidades prioritárias. Realizou-se um diagnóstico de saúde em duas escolas profissionais do Norte de Portugal, envolvendo alunos do 10.º ano (2025/2026). A recolha de dados integrou consulta de registos da UCC (inscrição no SNS e situação vacinal) e aplicação de um questionário digital baseado nos determinantes sociais da saúde e referenciais como o PNSE e o estudo HBSC. A análise foi descritiva. A maioria dos estudantes encontrava-se inscrita no SNS, embora persistissem algumas falhas. O estado vacinal era globalmente adequado, apesar de lacunas documentais. Verificaram-se hábitos alimentares pouco saudáveis, défice de sono, baixa atividade física e uso excessivo de tecnologias. Identificaram-se dificuldades emocionais, comportamentos agressivos e contacto precoce com álcool, tabaco e canábis. A maioria já tinha iniciado a vida sexual, frequentemente com comportamentos de risco. O diagnóstico permitiu caracterizar o perfil de saúde dos estudantes e identificar necessidades prioritárias, destacando-se a elevada proporção de esquemas vacinais incompletos ou desconhecidos. Estes resultados orientaram a definição de uma intervenção centrada na atualização do Programa Nacional de Vacinação, através da criação de um procedimento formal para a gestão de casos, da referenciação estruturada para as equipas de saúde e da capacitação das escolas para a identificação e encaminhamento de estudantes sem número de utente. A intervenção reforça a importância do planeamento em saúde e da articulação interinstitucional na prática de Enfermagem Comunitária.
Schools are strategic settings for adolescent health promotion. Within the scope of developing Community Health Nursing competencies in a Community Care Unit (UCC), a lack of updated data on vocational school students was identified, justifying a health diagnosis to characterize social determinants, behaviors, and priority needs. A health diagnosis was carried out in two vocational schools in Northern Portugal, involving 10th-grade students (2025/2026). Data collection included the consultation of UCC records (NHS registration and vaccination status) and the application of a digital questionnaire based on social determinants of health and frameworks such as the PNSE and the HBSC study. A descriptive analysis was performed. The majority of students were registered with the NHS, although some gaps persisted. Vaccination status was overall adequate, despite some documentary gaps. Unhealthy eating habits, sleep deprivation, low physical activity, and excessive use of technology were observed. Emotional difficulties, aggressive behaviors, and early contact with alcohol, tobacco, and cannabis were identified. Most students had already initiated their sexual life, frequently engaging in risk behaviors. The diagnosis enabled the characterization of the students’ health profile and the identification of priority needs, particularly the high proportion of incomplete or unknown vaccination records. These findings guided the development of an intervention focused on updating the National Vaccination Programme, through the creation of a formal procedure for case management, structured referral to health teams, and the empowerment of schools to identify and refer students without an NHS user number. The intervention reinforces the importance of health planning and interinstitutional collaboration in Community Nursing practice.
Schools are strategic settings for adolescent health promotion. Within the scope of developing Community Health Nursing competencies in a Community Care Unit (UCC), a lack of updated data on vocational school students was identified, justifying a health diagnosis to characterize social determinants, behaviors, and priority needs. A health diagnosis was carried out in two vocational schools in Northern Portugal, involving 10th-grade students (2025/2026). Data collection included the consultation of UCC records (NHS registration and vaccination status) and the application of a digital questionnaire based on social determinants of health and frameworks such as the PNSE and the HBSC study. A descriptive analysis was performed. The majority of students were registered with the NHS, although some gaps persisted. Vaccination status was overall adequate, despite some documentary gaps. Unhealthy eating habits, sleep deprivation, low physical activity, and excessive use of technology were observed. Emotional difficulties, aggressive behaviors, and early contact with alcohol, tobacco, and cannabis were identified. Most students had already initiated their sexual life, frequently engaging in risk behaviors. The diagnosis enabled the characterization of the students’ health profile and the identification of priority needs, particularly the high proportion of incomplete or unknown vaccination records. These findings guided the development of an intervention focused on updating the National Vaccination Programme, through the creation of a formal procedure for case management, structured referral to health teams, and the empowerment of schools to identify and refer students without an NHS user number. The intervention reinforces the importance of health planning and interinstitutional collaboration in Community Nursing practice.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Adolescentes Determinantes sociais da saúde Estilos de vida Adolescents Social determinants of health Lifestyles
Contexto Educativo
Citação
Editora
Licença CC
Sem licença CC