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O ato de brincar é transversal à vida do ser humano, desempenhando um papel
fundamental ao longo do ciclo da vida, mas particularmente crucial na vida das crianças.
Considera-se a brincadeira como uma atividade bastante satisfatória para a criança,
relacionando-se diretamente com o seu desenvolvimento. Por sua vez, a hospitalização
da criança é considerada uma situação de crise na sua vida, assim como na da sua família.
Deste modo, associada à sua própria situação de doença, a hospitalização da criança
constitui um fator stressor para si e sua família, face à alteração do seu estado de saúde e
das suas rotinas.
Cabe ao enfermeiro especialista em Enfermagem de Saúde Infantil e Pediátrica
intervir, promovendo o bem-estar do recém-nascido, lactente, criança e sua família em
contexto hospitalar, potencializando a sua melhoria e o contínuo desenvolvimento
saudável, visando uma adaptação positiva e eficaz à hospitalização.
Deste modo, a temática do relatório de estágio desenvolvida foi a brincadeira
terapêutica na adaptação da criança/jovem à hospitalização. Este desenvolveu-se tendo
como orientação a metodologia de projeto, recorrendo a uma prática fundamentada, com
recurso ao Modelo de Adaptação de Roy e evidência científica disponível.
No seu decorrer, destaco como principais atividades desenvolvidas: a aplicação de
um questionário acerca da temática direcionado às equipas de enfermagem, de forma a
realizar um levantamento das necessidades específicas de cada contexto; a elaboração de
normas de procedimento de enfermagem promotoras da brincadeira terapêutica em
urgência pediátrica e internamento; a sessão formativa acerca da brincadeira terapêutica
à equipa de enfermagem em internamento; a sessão de educação para a saúde realizada
em neonatologia, direcionada aos pais acerca da promoção do desenvolvimento saudável
do recém-nascido no internamento; o folheto acerca da promoção do desenvolvimento
saudável no recém-nascido no domicílio em neonatologia. Salienta-se a realização de um
poster científico apresentado no 3º Seminário Internacional do Mestrado em Enfermagem
intitulado de “A brincadeira terapêutica enquanto intervenção de enfermagem numa
urgência pediátrica”.
O presente relatório objetiva a análise crítica e reflexiva do meu percurso formativo
nos estágios realizados, nomeadamente quanto à aquisição e desenvolvimento das
competências comuns do enfermeiro especialista, competências específicas do
enfermeiro especialista em Enfermagem de Saúde Infantil e Pediátrica e de mestre em
enfermagem.
Constatou-se que a brincadeira terapêutica apresenta um grande leque de
finalidades, modos e momentos de aplicação, constituindo uma intervenção com
potencial resultado para um ganho em saúde na melhoria da qualidade dos cuidados de
enfermagem prestados ao recém-nascido, lactente e criança em contexto hospitalar. É,
essencialmente, uma intervenção de enfermagem, englobando em si uma intenção
terapêutica, nomeadamente a diminuição do impacto negativo associado à hospitalização
e a contínua promoção do desenvolvimento infantil saudável. Aplicando o Modelo de
Adaptação de Roy a esta temática, conseguimos perceber que o enfermeiro especialista
em Enfermagem de Saúde Infantil e Pediátrica é um agente promotor de bem-estar, e
como tal, essencial para contribuir ativa e positivamente como um estímulo contextual, o
que irá promover uma adaptação eficaz da criança ao contexto de hospitalização.
The act of playing is transversal to the life of the human being, playing a fundamental role through the life cycle, but particularly crucial in the lives of children. Play is considered a very satisfactory activity for the child, being directly related to their development. In turn, the child’s hospitalization is considered to be a crisis situation in his life, as well as that of his family. Thus, associated with their own disease situation, the child’s hospitalization is a stressor for themselves and their family, in view of the change in their health status and routines. It is up to the nurse specalist in Child and Pediatric Health Nursing to intervene, promoting the well-being of the newborn, infant, child and their family in a hospital context, enhancing their improvement and the constinuous healthy development, aiming at a positive and effective adaptation to hospitalization. Thus, the theme of the project developed was therapeutic play in adaptation of children/young people to hospitalization. This was developed based on the design methodology, using a well-founded practice and based on Roy’s Adaptation Model and scientific evidence available. During its course, I higlight as main activities developed; the application of a questionnaire on the subject aimed at nursing teams, in order to carry out a survey of the specific needs of each context; rhe elaboration of norms for nursing procedures that promote therapeutic play in pediatric emergency care and hospitalization; the session about therapeutic play to the nurse team of a pediatric servisse; the health education session held in neonatology, aimed at parents about promoting the healthy development of the newborn during hospitalization; the leaflet on the promotion of healthy development in the newborn at home. I highlight the realization of a scientific poster presented at the 3rd International Seminar of the Master in Nursing entitled “Therapeutic play as a nursing intervention in a pediatric emergency”. The purpose of this report is to critically and reflexively analyze my training path during the internships carried out, namely regarding the common skills of the specialist nurse, as well as the specific skills of the specialist nurse in Child and Pediatric Health and master’s in nursing acquired and developed in the contexts. It was found that therapeutic play has a wide range of purpose, modes and moments of application, thus constituting a health gain in improving the quality of nursing care provided to newborns, infants and children in the hospital context. It is essentialy a nursing intervention, encompassing a therapeutic intention, namely the reduction of the negative impact associated with hospitalization and the constinuous promotion of healthy child development. Applying Roy’s Adaptation Model to this theme, we can see that the nurse specialist in Child Health Nursing is an agent that promotes well-being, and as such, essential to contribue actively and positively as a contextual stimulus, which will promote an effective adaptation of the child to the context of hospitalization.
The act of playing is transversal to the life of the human being, playing a fundamental role through the life cycle, but particularly crucial in the lives of children. Play is considered a very satisfactory activity for the child, being directly related to their development. In turn, the child’s hospitalization is considered to be a crisis situation in his life, as well as that of his family. Thus, associated with their own disease situation, the child’s hospitalization is a stressor for themselves and their family, in view of the change in their health status and routines. It is up to the nurse specalist in Child and Pediatric Health Nursing to intervene, promoting the well-being of the newborn, infant, child and their family in a hospital context, enhancing their improvement and the constinuous healthy development, aiming at a positive and effective adaptation to hospitalization. Thus, the theme of the project developed was therapeutic play in adaptation of children/young people to hospitalization. This was developed based on the design methodology, using a well-founded practice and based on Roy’s Adaptation Model and scientific evidence available. During its course, I higlight as main activities developed; the application of a questionnaire on the subject aimed at nursing teams, in order to carry out a survey of the specific needs of each context; rhe elaboration of norms for nursing procedures that promote therapeutic play in pediatric emergency care and hospitalization; the session about therapeutic play to the nurse team of a pediatric servisse; the health education session held in neonatology, aimed at parents about promoting the healthy development of the newborn during hospitalization; the leaflet on the promotion of healthy development in the newborn at home. I highlight the realization of a scientific poster presented at the 3rd International Seminar of the Master in Nursing entitled “Therapeutic play as a nursing intervention in a pediatric emergency”. The purpose of this report is to critically and reflexively analyze my training path during the internships carried out, namely regarding the common skills of the specialist nurse, as well as the specific skills of the specialist nurse in Child and Pediatric Health and master’s in nursing acquired and developed in the contexts. It was found that therapeutic play has a wide range of purpose, modes and moments of application, thus constituting a health gain in improving the quality of nursing care provided to newborns, infants and children in the hospital context. It is essentialy a nursing intervention, encompassing a therapeutic intention, namely the reduction of the negative impact associated with hospitalization and the constinuous promotion of healthy child development. Applying Roy’s Adaptation Model to this theme, we can see that the nurse specialist in Child Health Nursing is an agent that promotes well-being, and as such, essential to contribue actively and positively as a contextual stimulus, which will promote an effective adaptation of the child to the context of hospitalization.
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Palavras-chave
Brincadeira terapêutica Adaptação Hospitalização infantil Enfermagem Therapeutic play Adaptation Child hospitazation Child and pediatric health nursing