| Name: | Description: | Size: | Format: | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 791.89 KB | Adobe PDF |
Authors
Abstract(s)
A Dieta Mediterrânica tem sido associada a uma melhor qualidade de vida e a um melhor
estado de saúde. São vários os estudos que têm demonstrado os inúmeros benefícios deste
padrão alimentar, estando associado a uma elevada taxa de longevidade e à redução do risco
de doenças cardiovasculares bem como diminuição das taxas de mortalidade e morbilidade no
geral. Além dos seus benefícios ao nível da saúde cardiovascular, a evidência científica tem
demonstrado benefícios relativamente às doenças crónicas como a diabetes, hipertensão
arterial (HTA), obesidade, doenças neurodegenerativas e determinados tipos de cancro. A
população idosa é a mais afetada pelas doenças crónicas, nomeadamente pela Diabetes
Mellitus tipo 2 (DM2), cuja progressão tem um elevado impacto na qualidade de vida dos
doentes. O presente trabalho teve como objetivo relacionar o controlo metabólico de uma
amostra de doentes com idade igual ou superior a 65 anos, seguidos na Consulta de
Diabetologia do Centro Hospitalar do Baixo Vouga, E.P.E., com o grau de adesão à Dieta
Mediterrânica. Desenhou-se um estudo observacional transversal cuja recolha de informação
teve por base a ferramenta Mediterranean Diet Adherence Screener (MEDAS). Participaram no
estudo 82 doentes (34 do sexo feminino e 48 do sexo masculino), com idade média de 73,7
anos. Não se verificaram diferenças significativas entre sexos relativamente à média de peso e
perímetro da cintura, que se encontrava acima do ponto de corte para risco muito acentuado de
complicações metabólicas. Verificou-se que a média do Índice de Massa Corporal (IMC) se
encontrava na classe de obesidade para ambos os sexos, sendo que somente com 27,1% dos
homens e 8,8% das mulheres apresentavam valores de IMC compatíveis com a
normoponderalidade. Os valores médios de hemoglobina glicada (HbA1c) e de glicose em
jejum, quer para homens quer para mulheres, e a média do valor dos triglicerídeos no caso das
mulheres, foram superiores aos valores de referência. As complicações mais prevalentes nesta
amostra foram a HTA (72%), dislipidemia (70,7%), sendo também as únicas patologias para as
quais se observaram diferenças significativas em ambos os sexos (HTA: 62,5% vs. 85,3%,
p=0,024; dislipidemia: 58,3% vs. 88,2%, p=0,003). Quanto ao grau de adesão à Dieta
Mediterrânica, apenas 18,3% dos participantes foram avaliados como tendo uma "boa adesão".
Neste trabalho não se verificou qualquer associação entre a adesão à Dieta Mediterrânica e o
estado nutricional ou com a existência de comorbilidades. Quanto à associação entre este
padrão alimentar e os parâmetros bioquímicos, apenas se observou associação entre a
concentração plasmática de HDL e a Dieta Mediterrânica, sendo que a sua média era
significativamente superior entre os indivíduos classificados como tendo "boa adesão". Este
trabalho vem mostrar que os idosos portugueses não estarão a praticar uma alimentação
condizente com os princípios da Dieta Mediterrânica. Assim, seria importante o
desenvolvimento de programas que estimulem a população para a adesão à Dieta
Mediterrânica.
The Mediterranen Diet has been associated with a better quality of life and health status. There are many studies demonstrating several benefits of this food pattern, being intrinsically associated with high longevity and low cardiovascular diseases rates, as well as with overall lower mortality and morbidity rates. Further, scientific evidence has demonstrated benefits regarding chronic diseases like diabetes, high blood pressure (hypertension), obesity, neurodegenerative diseases and certain types of cancer. The elderly people is the most affected by chronic diseases, like type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (DM2), whose progression has a high impact on their quality of life. This study aimed to estimate the association between the metabolic control of an elderly diabetic patients’ sample, followed in Diabetes care visits of the Centro Hospitalar do Baixo Vouga, E.P.E., and the adherence to the Mediterranean Diet. It was designed an observational cross-sectional study whose data collection was based on the Mediterranean Diet Adherence Screener tool (MEDAS). Eighty-two patients (34 female and 48 male), with a mean age of 73.7 years, participated in the study. There were no significant gender differences regarding average weight and waist circumference, which was above the cutoff point for the definition of very high risk of metabolic complications. It was found that the average body mass index (BMI) was in the class of obesity for both genders, and only 27.1% of men and 8.8% of women had BMI values compatible with normal weight. The average values for glycated hemoglobin and fasting glucose, either for men and women, and the mean value of triglycerides for women were higher than reference values The most prevalent comorbidities in this sample were hypertension (72.0%), dyslipidemia (70.7%) and they are also the only conditions for which significant differences in their prevalence were observed for men and women (HTA: 62.5% vs. 85.3 %, p = 0.024; dyslipidemia: 58.3% vs. 88.2%, p=0.003). Concerning the adherence to the Mediterranean Diet, only 18.3% of participants were classified as having a "good adherence". In this work it wasn't observed any association between adherence to Mediterranean diet and nutritional status neither the presence of comorbidities. Regarding the association between this dietary pattern and biochemical parameters, we only found association between the HDL plasma concentration and the Mediterranean Diet, being its concentration significantly higher among subjects classified as having "good adherence". This work suggests that diabetic Portuguese elders are not following a dietary pattern in consonance with the principles of the Mediterranean Diet. So it would be important to develop programs that encourage elderly people to adhere to the Mediterranean Diet.
The Mediterranen Diet has been associated with a better quality of life and health status. There are many studies demonstrating several benefits of this food pattern, being intrinsically associated with high longevity and low cardiovascular diseases rates, as well as with overall lower mortality and morbidity rates. Further, scientific evidence has demonstrated benefits regarding chronic diseases like diabetes, high blood pressure (hypertension), obesity, neurodegenerative diseases and certain types of cancer. The elderly people is the most affected by chronic diseases, like type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (DM2), whose progression has a high impact on their quality of life. This study aimed to estimate the association between the metabolic control of an elderly diabetic patients’ sample, followed in Diabetes care visits of the Centro Hospitalar do Baixo Vouga, E.P.E., and the adherence to the Mediterranean Diet. It was designed an observational cross-sectional study whose data collection was based on the Mediterranean Diet Adherence Screener tool (MEDAS). Eighty-two patients (34 female and 48 male), with a mean age of 73.7 years, participated in the study. There were no significant gender differences regarding average weight and waist circumference, which was above the cutoff point for the definition of very high risk of metabolic complications. It was found that the average body mass index (BMI) was in the class of obesity for both genders, and only 27.1% of men and 8.8% of women had BMI values compatible with normal weight. The average values for glycated hemoglobin and fasting glucose, either for men and women, and the mean value of triglycerides for women were higher than reference values The most prevalent comorbidities in this sample were hypertension (72.0%), dyslipidemia (70.7%) and they are also the only conditions for which significant differences in their prevalence were observed for men and women (HTA: 62.5% vs. 85.3 %, p = 0.024; dyslipidemia: 58.3% vs. 88.2%, p=0.003). Concerning the adherence to the Mediterranean Diet, only 18.3% of participants were classified as having a "good adherence". In this work it wasn't observed any association between adherence to Mediterranean diet and nutritional status neither the presence of comorbidities. Regarding the association between this dietary pattern and biochemical parameters, we only found association between the HDL plasma concentration and the Mediterranean Diet, being its concentration significantly higher among subjects classified as having "good adherence". This work suggests that diabetic Portuguese elders are not following a dietary pattern in consonance with the principles of the Mediterranean Diet. So it would be important to develop programs that encourage elderly people to adhere to the Mediterranean Diet.