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O diagnóstico de cancro da mama implica tratamentos intensivos da mais diversa
ordem, nomeadamente a mastectomia. Esta cirurgia implica uma mudança radical na vida
da mulher, não só a nível físico mas também psicológico, sendo a causa da existência de
níveis significativos de ansiedade e de depressão nas mulheres mastectomizadas. A
investigação desta temática torna-se pertinente devido à existência, cada vez maior, de
casos de cancro da mama e consequentemente de mastectomia. Este trabalho pretende
avaliar a existência de morbilidade psicológica em mulheres com cancro da mama
mastectomizadas. No mesmo sentido, pretende-se verificar variações entre a morbilidade
psicológica, variáveis sócio-demográficas e variáveis clinicas, nomeadamente, o tipo de
mastectomia e o tipo de tratamento Neste seguimento, torna-se importante perceber o
papel das estratégias de coping, avaliando-se desta maneira, quais as estratégias de coping
utilizadas pelas mulheres mastectomizadas e a sua possível relação com a existência de
morbilidade psicológica. A amostra é constituída por 63 mulheres mastectomizadas
utentes no serviço de senologia de um Hospital Central e os instrumentos utilizados
foram, além de um questionário sociodemográfico para caracterização da amostra e de
um questionário clinico referente às variáveis características da doença, a Escala de
Ansiedade e Depressão (HADS) (Zigmond e Snaith, 1983) para avaliar a morbilidade
psicológica e o Brief-COPE, para avaliar as estratégias de coping utilizadas.Verificou-se
que na escala do HADS, a ansiedade tinha valores mais elevados, principalmente no
grupo de mulheres mais velhas. As estratégias de coping mais utilizadas pelas mulheres
são a Religião (praticada essencialmente por mulheres mais velhas) e a Aceitação em
detrimento do Uso de substâncias. Verificaram-se associações estatisticamente
significativas positivas e negativas entre variáveis de ansiedade e depressão e as variáveis
do Brief- Cope. Estes resultados serão discutidos no contexto da revisão da literatura
científica realizada na primeira parte deste estudo
The breast cancer diagnosis involves more intensive treatments of various kinds, including mastectomy. This surgery involves a radical change in women's lives, not only physical but also psychological level, being the cause of the existence of levels of anxiety and depression in women with mastectomies. The investigation of this issue becomes relevant due to the existence, increasingly, cases of breast cancer and mastectomy. This study aimed to assess the existence of psychological morbidity in women with breast cancer who underwent mastectomy. Similarly, we intend to verify variations between psychological morbidity, socio-demographic and clinical variables, including the type of mastectomy and the treatment type. Following this, it is important to realize the role of coping strategies, evaluating this way, what coping strategies used by women and its possible relationship to the existence of psychological morbidity. The sample was comprised of 63 women with mastectomies that have follow-up consults in the senology service in a Central Hospital. The instruments that were used are: a sociodemographic questionnaire to characterize the sample, a clinical questionnaire to evaluate the desease’ variables, the Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) (Zigmond e Snaith, 1983) to assess the psychological morbidity and the Brief- COPE (Carver , 1989) to assess coping strategies used. It was found that in the scale of the HADS, anxiety had higher values, particularly in the group of older women. Coping strategies used by women are more religion (practiced mainly by older women) and acceptance over the use of substances. There were statistically significant positive and negative associations between variables of anxiety and depression and variables of Brief-Cope. These results will be discussed in the context of the review of the scientific literature in the first part of this study
The breast cancer diagnosis involves more intensive treatments of various kinds, including mastectomy. This surgery involves a radical change in women's lives, not only physical but also psychological level, being the cause of the existence of levels of anxiety and depression in women with mastectomies. The investigation of this issue becomes relevant due to the existence, increasingly, cases of breast cancer and mastectomy. This study aimed to assess the existence of psychological morbidity in women with breast cancer who underwent mastectomy. Similarly, we intend to verify variations between psychological morbidity, socio-demographic and clinical variables, including the type of mastectomy and the treatment type. Following this, it is important to realize the role of coping strategies, evaluating this way, what coping strategies used by women and its possible relationship to the existence of psychological morbidity. The sample was comprised of 63 women with mastectomies that have follow-up consults in the senology service in a Central Hospital. The instruments that were used are: a sociodemographic questionnaire to characterize the sample, a clinical questionnaire to evaluate the desease’ variables, the Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) (Zigmond e Snaith, 1983) to assess the psychological morbidity and the Brief- COPE (Carver , 1989) to assess coping strategies used. It was found that in the scale of the HADS, anxiety had higher values, particularly in the group of older women. Coping strategies used by women are more religion (practiced mainly by older women) and acceptance over the use of substances. There were statistically significant positive and negative associations between variables of anxiety and depression and variables of Brief-Cope. These results will be discussed in the context of the review of the scientific literature in the first part of this study
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Mastectomia Morbilidade psicológica Mastectomy Psychiatric morbidity Coping