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O potencial dos miRNA circulantes, cfDNA e exossomas na doença periodontal : revisão sistemática
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Introdução: A periodontite é uma doença inflamatória crónica multifatorial, que afeta os tecidos de suporte dos dentes e, se não for tratada, pode levar à sua perda, além de impactar negativamente a saúde sistémica. A identificação de biomarcadores moleculares, capazes de refletir a presença, atividade e severidade da doença, representa uma estratégia promissora e inovadora na área da periodontologia. Objetivo: Este trabalho teve como objetivo, sistematizar a evidência científica acerca dos miRNAs circulantes, exossomas e cfDNA em biofluidos de pacientes com e sem periodontite, através de uma revisão sistemática da literatura. Materiais e Métodos: A revisão foi realizada seguindo as guidelines PRISMA. A pesquisa da literatura foi efetuada em Novembro de 2024 e inclui todos os artigos publicados, nas bases de dados bibliográficas PubMed/MEDLINE®, Web of Science/MEDLINE® e Scopus®. Resultados: De acordo com os critérios de inclusão e exclusão previamente estabelecidos, foram incluídos nesta revisão sistemática um total de 14 artigos. A extração e análise dos resultados desses estudos revelaram diferenças consistentes na expressão de diversos miRNAs entre pacientes com e sem periodontite, em particular miR-199a-5p, miR-145-5p, miR-125a-3p, miR-146a e miR-223-3p. A maioria destes miRNAs apresentou uma correlação positiva com parâmetros clínicos periodontais tais como profundidade de sondagem e sangramento gengival. O cfDNA foi detetado em níveis progressivamente mais elevados em pacientes com periodontite, sobretudo na saliva, indicando o seu potencial como biomarcador da doença. Os exossomas, também apresentaram conteúdo molecular alterado, incluindo miRNAs, sugerindo o seu potencial envolvimento nos mecanismos imunológicos da periodontite. Conclusão: Em suma, os biomarcadores moleculares presentes nos biofluidos representam uma ferramenta promissora e não invasiva para auxiliar os médicos dentistas no diagnóstico, prognóstico e monitorização da periodontite.
Introduction: Periodontitis is a chronic, multifactorial inflammatory disease that affects the supporting tissues of the teeth and, if left untreated, can lead to tooth loss and negatively impact systemic health. The identification of molecular biomarkers capable of reflecting the presence, activity and severity of the disease represents a promising and innovative strategy in the field of periodontology. Objective: This study aimed to systematize the scientific evidence on circulating miRNAs, exosomes and cfDNA in biofluids from patients with and without periodontitis, through a systematic review of the literature. Material and Methods: The review was carried out following the PRISMA guidelines. The literature search was carried out in November 2024 and includes all articles published in the bibliographic databases PubMed/MEDLINE®, Web of Science/MEDLINE® and Scopus®. Results: According to the previously established inclusion and exclusion criteria, a total of 14 articles were included in this systematic review. Extraction and analysis of the results from these studies revealed consistent differences in the expression of several miRNAs between patients with and without periodontitis, in particular miR-199a-5p, miR-145-5p, miR-125a-3p, miR-146a and miR-223-3p. Most of these miRNAs showed a positive correlation with periodontal clinical parameters such as probing depth and gingival bleeding. cfDNA was detected at progressively higher levels in patients with periodontitis, especially in saliva, indicating its potential as a biomarker of the disease. Exosomes also showed altered molecular content, including miRNAs, suggesting their potential involvement in the immunological mechanisms of periodontitis. Conclusion: In summary, molecular biomarkers present in biofluids represent a promising and non-invasive tool to assist dentists in the diagnosis, prognosis and monitoring of periodontitis.
Introduction: Periodontitis is a chronic, multifactorial inflammatory disease that affects the supporting tissues of the teeth and, if left untreated, can lead to tooth loss and negatively impact systemic health. The identification of molecular biomarkers capable of reflecting the presence, activity and severity of the disease represents a promising and innovative strategy in the field of periodontology. Objective: This study aimed to systematize the scientific evidence on circulating miRNAs, exosomes and cfDNA in biofluids from patients with and without periodontitis, through a systematic review of the literature. Material and Methods: The review was carried out following the PRISMA guidelines. The literature search was carried out in November 2024 and includes all articles published in the bibliographic databases PubMed/MEDLINE®, Web of Science/MEDLINE® and Scopus®. Results: According to the previously established inclusion and exclusion criteria, a total of 14 articles were included in this systematic review. Extraction and analysis of the results from these studies revealed consistent differences in the expression of several miRNAs between patients with and without periodontitis, in particular miR-199a-5p, miR-145-5p, miR-125a-3p, miR-146a and miR-223-3p. Most of these miRNAs showed a positive correlation with periodontal clinical parameters such as probing depth and gingival bleeding. cfDNA was detected at progressively higher levels in patients with periodontitis, especially in saliva, indicating its potential as a biomarker of the disease. Exosomes also showed altered molecular content, including miRNAs, suggesting their potential involvement in the immunological mechanisms of periodontitis. Conclusion: In summary, molecular biomarkers present in biofluids represent a promising and non-invasive tool to assist dentists in the diagnosis, prognosis and monitoring of periodontitis.
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Keywords
Saliva Periodontite miRNAs Exossomas cfDNA Periodontitis Exosomes
Pedagogical Context
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