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Redes sociais, política e jovens adultos no Brasil : despartidarização, personalização política e polarização afetiva
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Com a proeminência das redes sociais na disseminação das notícias e na política no Brasil, onde o voto é obrigatório, os jovens adultos vivenciam desde 2018 um processo eleitoral mediado por essas plataformas digitais. Este estudo busca aprofundar o entendimento sobre o uso das redes sociais por esses usuários e sua contribuição para a formação da percepção política. O enquadramento teórico explora a relação intrínseca entre o populismo e a comunicação contemporânea, abordando também questões como a polarização afetiva, política e social, enquanto contextualiza a crise institucional vivenciada pelos partidos políticos. Para responder à pergunta "como o uso das redes sociais contribui para a relação dos jovens adultos com a política no Brasil?", a investigação adota a teoria fundamentada (grounded theory) como metodologia qualitativa indutiva. Foram realizadas 24 entrevistas em profundidade com jovens adultos de 21 a 34 anos. Como principal resultado da investigação, sugere-se a aceleração da percepção despartidarizada da política entre os jovens adultos entrevistados. Este é um contributo relevante no contexto brasileiro, marcado por queda nas filiações partidárias, crise institucional e aumento da personalização da política. Isso ocorre em um cenário de polarização política, social e afetiva, intensificada nas redes sociais, provocando sentimentos como ansiedade, medo e ódio entre os entrevistados. Além disso, é apresentado um novo conceito para enriquecer o debate sobre comunicação política e redes sociais: a "curadoria do eu". O construto foi formado a partir da análise dos resultados, como prevê a teoria fundamentada, e é explicado na componente empírica da tese. No decorrer do estudo, propõem-se também parâmetros analíticos para a comunicação populista, abrindo caminho para novas pesquisas na área, com possibilidade de transferibilidade de conceitos e resultados para outros países.
With the prominence of social media in the dissemination of news and politics in Brazil (where voting is mandatory) young adults have been experiencing an election process mediated by these digital platforms since 2018. This study seeks to deepen the understanding of the use of social media by these users and their contribution to shaping political perception. The theoretical framework explores the intrinsic relationship between populism and contemporary communication, also addressing issues such as affective, political, and social polarization, while contextualizing the institutional crisis experienced by political parties. To answer the question, "How does the use of social media contribute to the relationship between young adults and politics in Brazil?", the investigation adopts grounded theory as an inductive qualitative methodology. Twenty-four in-depth interviews were conducted with young adults aged 21 to 34. As the main result of the investigation, it is suggested that there is an acceleration of a departisanized perception of politics among the interviewed young adults. This is a relevant contribution in the Brazilian context, marked by a decline in party affiliations, institutional crisis, and an increase in the personalization of politics. This occurs in a context of political, social, and affective polarization, intensified on social media, provoking feelings such as anxiety, fear, and hatred among the interviewees. Additionally, a new concept is presented to enrich the debate on political communication and social media: the "curation of the self." This construct was formed based on the analysis of the results, as grounded theory proposes, and is explained in the empirical component of the thesis. Throughout the study, analytical parameters for populist communication are also proposed, paving the way for new research in the field, with the possibility of transferring concepts and results to other countries.
With the prominence of social media in the dissemination of news and politics in Brazil (where voting is mandatory) young adults have been experiencing an election process mediated by these digital platforms since 2018. This study seeks to deepen the understanding of the use of social media by these users and their contribution to shaping political perception. The theoretical framework explores the intrinsic relationship between populism and contemporary communication, also addressing issues such as affective, political, and social polarization, while contextualizing the institutional crisis experienced by political parties. To answer the question, "How does the use of social media contribute to the relationship between young adults and politics in Brazil?", the investigation adopts grounded theory as an inductive qualitative methodology. Twenty-four in-depth interviews were conducted with young adults aged 21 to 34. As the main result of the investigation, it is suggested that there is an acceleration of a departisanized perception of politics among the interviewed young adults. This is a relevant contribution in the Brazilian context, marked by a decline in party affiliations, institutional crisis, and an increase in the personalization of politics. This occurs in a context of political, social, and affective polarization, intensified on social media, provoking feelings such as anxiety, fear, and hatred among the interviewees. Additionally, a new concept is presented to enrich the debate on political communication and social media: the "curation of the self." This construct was formed based on the analysis of the results, as grounded theory proposes, and is explained in the empirical component of the thesis. Throughout the study, analytical parameters for populist communication are also proposed, paving the way for new research in the field, with the possibility of transferring concepts and results to other countries.
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Polarização Redes sociais Jovens adultos Despartidarização política Brasil Polarization Social media Young adults Political departisanization Brazil
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Without CC licence