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Abstract(s)
Dúvidas não subsistem relativamente ao facto de, em Portugal, o futebol ser considerado o verdadeiro desporto-rei. Na verdade, como JOÃO LEAL AMADO bem refere, “vivemos numa sociedade desportivista”1 – na qual o fenómeno desportivo está em constante replay nas nossas vidas quotidianas, pelo intermédio dos canais televisivos, dos jornais e outros meios de comunicação. O legislador português, como se depreende, tenta ao máximo acompanhar a evolução crescente que se faz notar no desporto, elaborando diversificados quadros legais que, mais tarde, iremos abordar melhor. A Lei n.º 54/2017, de 14 de julho foi o último diploma que versou acerca do contrato de trabalho desportivo - contudo, veremos que este texto legal sofre de inúmeras falhas que esperemos um dia ver colmatadas por completo. Estas prendem-se nomeadamente com o facto de não contemplarem a figura do treinador desportivo, e em especial do treinador de futebol - tema que será o foco na dissertação em apreço. Será nossa pretensão averiguar em que circunstâncias é que esta categoria de trabalhadores se irá vincular contratualmente. Será que existe um regime próprio e específico para eles? Em abono da verdade, é mister clarificar que, como em qualquer outra relação jurídico-laboral, deverá esta, pela sua especialidade, gozar de normas próprias, capazes de garantir a certeza segurança jurídica. De todo modo, inexistindo um regime específico para esta categoria de profissionais, tem-se observado (quer no seio da doutrina, quer na jurisprudência) a aplicação analógica do regime jurídico do praticante desportivo, regulado atualmente pela Lei n.º 54/2017, de 14 de julho. Veremos de igual molde que a doutrina tem criticado fortemente o facto de subsumir o conceito de treinador desportivo ao regime jurídico do praticante desportivo, já que um treinador - seja de que modalidade for - não pratica a modalidade em apreço (pensemos no futebol por exemplo), encarando antes a figura de um verdadeiro professor diante os seus jogadores (esses sim, praticantes desportivos no verdadeiro sentido da palavra). Além desta discussão, iremos ponderar se a figura da “pluralidade de trabalhadores” (conceito ainda pouco conhecido no nosso ordenamento) tem aplicabilidade para a categoria dos técnicos de futebol, tendo sempre em conta, claro, o papel fulcral que o Direito Comparado desempenha. O estudo das soluções jurídicas noutros ordenamentos – sobretudo naqueles que nos são mais próximos - é fundamental, de modo a inspirar-nos sobre uma determinada matéria. Nesta senda, teremos a possibilidade de ver que as soluções previstas noutros ordenamentos jurídicos europeus atinentes ao contrato de trabalho desportivo divergem tendencialmente das nossas, mas não deixam de ser interessantes quanto à sua aplicabilidade prática. Na medida em que o papel do treinador desportivo, mormente o de futebol, tem vindo a ganhar mais relevo, o legislador terá que averiguar se a solução que está atualmente em vigor se encontra atualizada, ou então desfasada da realidade. É com a junção de todos os pequenos detalhes que nos são fornecidos, quer pela jurisprudência, quer pela doutrina ou o Direito Comparado, que o legislador estabelecerá um regime condizente com a atualidade. Com efeito, e com base no presente estudo, equacionaremos a possibilidade de criação de um regime novo que abarque a categoria profissional dos treinadores de futebol, garantindo assim segurança e adequada aplicabilidade do Direito.
There are no doubts about the fact that, in Portugal, football is considered the true king sport. What is certain is that, as JOÃO LEAL AMADO says, “we live in a sportive society” – in which the sports phenomenon is constantly being replayed in our daily lives, through television channels, newspapers and other media. The Portuguese legislator, as can be seen, tries as much as possible to keep up with the growing evolution that is noticeable in sport, drawing up diversified legal frameworks that we will later develop. The law n.º 54/2017, of July 14th, was the last text that dealt with the sports employment contract - however, we will see that this legal text suffers from numerous flaws that, hopefully, will one day be completely filled. These are related in particular to the fact that they do not include the figure of the sports coach, a theme that will be the focus of the dissertation in question. It will be our intention to find out in circumstances that this category of workers will be contractually bound. Is there a specific and proper regime for them? As a matter of fact, it is necessary to clarify that, as in any other employment relationship, it must, due to its specialty, enjoy its own rules, capable of guaranteeing legal certainty. In any case, since there is no specific regime for this category of professionals, it has been observed (both within the doctrine and in jurisprudence) the analogical application of the legal regime of the sports practitioner, currently regulated by Law n. º 54/2017, of the 14th of July. We will also see that the doctrine has criticized the fact that we subsume the concept of sports coach in the legal regime of the sports practitioner, since a coach does not practice the modality in question (let us think of football for example), but faces the figure of a true teacher in front of his players (those yes, sports practitioners). In addition to this discussion, we will consider if the figure of the “plurality of workers” (a concept still little known in our order) has applicability to the category of football coaches, always having in attention, of course, the central role that Comparative Law plays. The study of legal solutions in other legal systems – especially those that are closest to us – is fundamental, in order to inspire us on a certain matter. In this way, we will be able to see that the solutions provided for in other European legal systems concerning the sports employment contract tend to diverge from ours, but they are nonetheless interesting in terms of their applicability. As the role of the sports coach, especially that of football, has become increasingly strong, the legislator will have to find out if the solution that is currently in force is up to date, or out of step with reality. It is with the addition of all the small details that are provided to us, whether by jurisprudence, doctrine or Comparative Law, that the legislator will establish a regime consistent with the present. Indeed, and based on the present study, we will consider the possibility of creating a new regime that incorporates the professional category of football coaches, thus guaranteeing security and adequate applicability of the Law.
There are no doubts about the fact that, in Portugal, football is considered the true king sport. What is certain is that, as JOÃO LEAL AMADO says, “we live in a sportive society” – in which the sports phenomenon is constantly being replayed in our daily lives, through television channels, newspapers and other media. The Portuguese legislator, as can be seen, tries as much as possible to keep up with the growing evolution that is noticeable in sport, drawing up diversified legal frameworks that we will later develop. The law n.º 54/2017, of July 14th, was the last text that dealt with the sports employment contract - however, we will see that this legal text suffers from numerous flaws that, hopefully, will one day be completely filled. These are related in particular to the fact that they do not include the figure of the sports coach, a theme that will be the focus of the dissertation in question. It will be our intention to find out in circumstances that this category of workers will be contractually bound. Is there a specific and proper regime for them? As a matter of fact, it is necessary to clarify that, as in any other employment relationship, it must, due to its specialty, enjoy its own rules, capable of guaranteeing legal certainty. In any case, since there is no specific regime for this category of professionals, it has been observed (both within the doctrine and in jurisprudence) the analogical application of the legal regime of the sports practitioner, currently regulated by Law n. º 54/2017, of the 14th of July. We will also see that the doctrine has criticized the fact that we subsume the concept of sports coach in the legal regime of the sports practitioner, since a coach does not practice the modality in question (let us think of football for example), but faces the figure of a true teacher in front of his players (those yes, sports practitioners). In addition to this discussion, we will consider if the figure of the “plurality of workers” (a concept still little known in our order) has applicability to the category of football coaches, always having in attention, of course, the central role that Comparative Law plays. The study of legal solutions in other legal systems – especially those that are closest to us – is fundamental, in order to inspire us on a certain matter. In this way, we will be able to see that the solutions provided for in other European legal systems concerning the sports employment contract tend to diverge from ours, but they are nonetheless interesting in terms of their applicability. As the role of the sports coach, especially that of football, has become increasingly strong, the legislator will have to find out if the solution that is currently in force is up to date, or out of step with reality. It is with the addition of all the small details that are provided to us, whether by jurisprudence, doctrine or Comparative Law, that the legislator will establish a regime consistent with the present. Indeed, and based on the present study, we will consider the possibility of creating a new regime that incorporates the professional category of football coaches, thus guaranteeing security and adequate applicability of the Law.
Description
Keywords
Lei n.º 54/2017 Treinador desportivo Treinador de futebol Regime específico Pluralidade de trabalhadores Direito Comparado Law n.º 54/2017 Sports coach Football coach Specific regime Plurality of workers Comparative Law