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Esta tese apresenta os resultados de uma investigação que teve por objectivo estudar o sofrimento e a espiritualidade das pessoas com esclerose mĂșltipla.
UtilizĂĄmos a metodologia fenomenolĂłgica para estudar a vivencia do sofrimento e da espiritualidade das pessoas com esclerose mĂșltipla assim como os meios que estas utilizam para lidar com a doença e sofrimento. EntrevistĂĄmos nove pessoas com esclerose mĂșltipla. EfectuĂĄmos um estudo correlacional, onde analisĂĄmos as relaçÔes entre sofrimento e bem-estar espiritual, assim como a relação destes focos com algumas variĂĄveis sĂłcio-demogrĂĄficas.
Participaram no estudo 517 pessoas, com idades entre 20 a 80 anos. A mĂ©dia foi de 42,63 anos. Foram aplicadas as seguintes escalas: IESSD-McInteyre & Gameiro, 1999; Spiritual Assessment Scale - (OÂŽBrien, 1998; tradução e adaptação de Caramelo, 2007); HADS-Zigmond & Snaith, 1998 â Trad. Ribeiro, 2007, Religiosidade (autor, 2007) e EDSS adaptada.
O sofrimento Ă© vivenciado pela fadiga, desiquilibrio e incapacidade que provocam isolamento, alteraçÔes da autoimagem e falta de sentido da doença e sofrimento. As estratĂ©gias utilizadas pelos entrevistados sĂŁo diversas, como a negação, o isolamento, a aceitação, a busca de informação, a partilha de experiĂȘncias e as praticas religiosas. O sentido da doença e sofrimento vai sendo construĂdo, iniciando-se por uma primeira fase em que este Ă© questionado e sem sentido, acabando por ser atribuĂdo por uma relação com Deus e ou de doação aos outros.
O estudo demonstra que o sofrimento apresentou correlaçÔes positivas muito significativas com a idade (r(517) =0,129, p<0,003), incapacidade (r(517) =0,380,p<0,001), ansiedade (r(517) =0,664, p<0,001), e depressĂŁo (r(517) =0,729, p<0,001). O sofrimento fĂsico apresentou correlaçÔes positivas muito significativas com religiosidade (r(517) =0,125, p<0,004). Entre outras, tambĂ©m constatĂĄmos diferenças significativas de sofrimento por tipo de esclerose mĂșltipla (F=4,620;p<0,001).
O bem-estar espiritual apresentou correlaçÔes positivas muito significativas com incapacidade (r(517) =0,380, p<0,001), religiosidade (r(517) =0,684, p<0,001) e correlação positiva significativa com a idade (r(517) =0,090, p<0,041). Apresenta correlação negativa significativa com depressão (r(517) =-0,107, p<0,015). Existem diferenças de bem-estar espiritual entre os que professam uma religião e os que não professam religião (t=11,305; p<0,001). Os que professam uma religião apresentam maior bem-estar espiritual.
A incapacidade fĂsica, a ansiedade e a depressĂŁo sĂŁo os factores que apresentam maior coeficiente de determinação com o sofrimento. Os dados demostram que as pessoas utilizam as prĂĄticas religiosas para lidar com o sofrimento fĂsico, sendo a oração privada o meio mais utilizado. Os dados sugerem-nos que a paz espiritual poderĂĄ ter um efeito protector nas perturbaçÔes emocionais
This thesis presents the results of an investigation that was aimed at studying the suffering and spirituality of people with multiple sclerosis. Through a phenomenological methodology, we studied suffering and spirituality of people with multiple sclerosis and the means they use to cope with illness and suffering. We interviewed nine patients with multiple sclerosis. Through a correlational study, we examined the relationship between suffering and spiritual well being, as well as the relationship these outbreaks and some socio-demographic variables. The study involved 517 people aged 20 to 80 years. The mean age was 42.63 years. We applied the following scales: IESSD-McInteyre & Gameiro, 1999; Spiritual Assessment Scale - (O'Brien, 1998; translation and adaptation of Caramelo, 2007); HADS-Zigmond & Snaith, 1998 - Trad. Ribeiro, 2007; Religiosity (author, 2007) and adapted EDSS. Suffering is experienced by fatigue, imbalance and disability they cause isolation, changes in self-image and lack of meaning of illness and suffering. The strategies used by respondents are diverse, such as denial, isolation, acceptance, finding information, sharing experiences and religious practices. The meaning of illness and suffering is being built, starting with an initial phase in which it is asked, senseless, and was finally awarded by a relationship with God, or giving to others. The study shows that the suffering had statistically highly significant positive correlations with age (r (517) = 0.129, p <0.003), disability (r (517) = 0.380, p <0.001), anxiety (r (517) = 0.664 , p <0.001) and depression (r (517) = 0.729, p <0.001). The physical suffering showed statistically highly significant positive correlations with religiosity (r (517) = 0.125, p <0.004). Among others, also we saw significant differences by type of suffering from multiple sclerosis (F = 4.620, p <0.001).The spiritual well-being showed statistically highly significant positive correlations with disability (r (517) = 0.380, p <0.001), religiosity (r (517) = 0.684, p <0.001) and significant positive correlation with age (r ( 517) = 0.090, p <0.041). Shows statistically significant correlation with depression (r (517) = -0.107, p <0.015). There are differences in spiritual well being among those who profess a religion and those who profess no religion (t = 11.305, p <0.001). Those who profess a religion are more spiritual welfare. Physical disability, anxiety and depression are the factors that have a higher coefficient of determination with suffering. The data show that people use religious practices to cope with the physical suffering, and private prayer the most used. The data suggest to us that spiritual peace may have a protective effect on emotional disturbances
This thesis presents the results of an investigation that was aimed at studying the suffering and spirituality of people with multiple sclerosis. Through a phenomenological methodology, we studied suffering and spirituality of people with multiple sclerosis and the means they use to cope with illness and suffering. We interviewed nine patients with multiple sclerosis. Through a correlational study, we examined the relationship between suffering and spiritual well being, as well as the relationship these outbreaks and some socio-demographic variables. The study involved 517 people aged 20 to 80 years. The mean age was 42.63 years. We applied the following scales: IESSD-McInteyre & Gameiro, 1999; Spiritual Assessment Scale - (O'Brien, 1998; translation and adaptation of Caramelo, 2007); HADS-Zigmond & Snaith, 1998 - Trad. Ribeiro, 2007; Religiosity (author, 2007) and adapted EDSS. Suffering is experienced by fatigue, imbalance and disability they cause isolation, changes in self-image and lack of meaning of illness and suffering. The strategies used by respondents are diverse, such as denial, isolation, acceptance, finding information, sharing experiences and religious practices. The meaning of illness and suffering is being built, starting with an initial phase in which it is asked, senseless, and was finally awarded by a relationship with God, or giving to others. The study shows that the suffering had statistically highly significant positive correlations with age (r (517) = 0.129, p <0.003), disability (r (517) = 0.380, p <0.001), anxiety (r (517) = 0.664 , p <0.001) and depression (r (517) = 0.729, p <0.001). The physical suffering showed statistically highly significant positive correlations with religiosity (r (517) = 0.125, p <0.004). Among others, also we saw significant differences by type of suffering from multiple sclerosis (F = 4.620, p <0.001).The spiritual well-being showed statistically highly significant positive correlations with disability (r (517) = 0.380, p <0.001), religiosity (r (517) = 0.684, p <0.001) and significant positive correlation with age (r ( 517) = 0.090, p <0.041). Shows statistically significant correlation with depression (r (517) = -0.107, p <0.015). There are differences in spiritual well being among those who profess a religion and those who profess no religion (t = 11.305, p <0.001). Those who profess a religion are more spiritual welfare. Physical disability, anxiety and depression are the factors that have a higher coefficient of determination with suffering. The data show that people use religious practices to cope with the physical suffering, and private prayer the most used. The data suggest to us that spiritual peace may have a protective effect on emotional disturbances