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Introdução: A obesidade infantil é considerada a epidemia do século XXI e é considerada como um fator de risco para o desenvolvimento de outras patologias na vida adulta. Desta forma, torna-se fundamental investigar fatores que possam contribuir para a diminuição desta patologia. Vários estudos têm mostrado a influência das atitudes parentais no comportamento alimentar da criança. Métodos: A amostra é constituída por 810 crianças, com idade compreendida entre os 3 e os 7 anos, e os respetivos pais. Realizou-se avaliação antropométrica do peso e da altura e, através dos critérios da Organização Mundial de Saúde (OMS), determinou-se o z-score para o índice de massa corporal (IMC) para cada criança. Aplicou-se um questionário aos Encarregados de Educação, com o intuito de avaliar as atitudes e as práticas alimentares, através do Child Feeding Questionnaire (CFQ). Todos os dados foram analisados estatisticamente através do software estatístico Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) versão 24.0. Resultados: Segundo os critérios da OMS, cerca de 40% da amostra não se encontra no IMC recomendado para a idade. Foi possível verificar que o nível de escolaridade da mãe influenciava algumas atitudes e práticas alimentares maternas que, por sua vez, influenciaram o consumo alimentar da criança. Contudo, no presente estudo, os fatores mencionados anteriormente parecem ter maior influência nas crianças com idade entre os 3 e 4 anos, do que nas crianças com idade igual ou superior a 5 anos, uma vez que nestas últimas não foi encontrada relação significativa entre o nível educacional da mãe e o peso da criança. Relativamente aos fatores do CFQ, foi possível verificar que a preocupação dos pais com o ganho de peso da criança e a restrição apresentaram relação com o z-score de IMC da criança para ambas as idades. Nas crianças com idade igual ou superior a 5 anos também se verificou relação no fator controlo encoberto e monitorização com o z-score de IMC. Os fatores do CFQ também apresentaram relação com a frequência de consumo alimentar da criança, sendo que o controlo encoberto foi o fator que apresentou maior consumo de alimentos nutricionalmente adequados e menor consumo de alimentos nutricionalmente menos recomendados e o inverso foi verificado, no fator pressão. Por fim, foi possível verificar que os pais subestimam o peso da criança. Conclusão: É possível verificar que as atitudes e práticas parentais exercem influência no comportamento alimentar nas crianças, sendo fundamental atuar de maneira a que os pais tornem as suas atitudes e práticas mais conscientes e influenciem de forma mais correta o desenvolvimento e comportamento alimentar da criança.
Introduction: Childhood obesity is considered to be the epidemic of the 21st century as well as a risk factor for the development of other pathologies in adult life. Therefore, it becomes fundamental to investigate factors that could contribute for the decrease of this pathology. Several studies have shown the influence of parental behavior in children’s eating habits. Methods: The sample is composed by 810 children, aged between 3 and 7 years old, and the respective parents. Weight and height anthropometric evaluation was conducted, through the World Health Organization’s (WHO) criteria and the z-score for the body mass index (BMI)was determined for each child with the goal of evaluating attitudes and eating habits, through the Child Feeding Questionnaire (CFQ). All the data was statistically analyzed through the statistics software “Statistical Package for Social Sciences” (SPSS) version 24.0. Results: According to the WHO criteria, about 40% of the sample doesn’t find itself within the BMI recommended for the age. It was possible to verify that the mother’s school level influenced some of the mother’s attitudes which then influence the child’s eating habits. However, in this study, the factors mentioned before seem to have a bigger influence in children aged between 3 and 4 years old, rather than children aged 5 or more where no significant relation was found between the mother’s educational background and the child’s weight. In relation to the CFQ factor#s, it was verified that the parent’s concern with the child’s weight gain as well as restriction, show relation to the z-score of the child’s BMI for both age ranges. In children aged 5 years old and more was also verified relation between uncovered control and monitoring and the BMI z-score. The CFQ factors also presented a relation with the child’s food consumption frequency, given that undercover control was the factor which presented the highest consumption of nutritionally adequate food as well as the lowest consumption of nutritionally less recommended food, the opposite was verified for the pressure factor. Conclusion: It’s possible to verify that the parental attitudes and practices have an influence in children’s eating habits therefore being fundamental to act upon this so that parent’s habits became more mindful and influence their child’s development and food behavior, correctly.
Introduction: Childhood obesity is considered to be the epidemic of the 21st century as well as a risk factor for the development of other pathologies in adult life. Therefore, it becomes fundamental to investigate factors that could contribute for the decrease of this pathology. Several studies have shown the influence of parental behavior in children’s eating habits. Methods: The sample is composed by 810 children, aged between 3 and 7 years old, and the respective parents. Weight and height anthropometric evaluation was conducted, through the World Health Organization’s (WHO) criteria and the z-score for the body mass index (BMI)was determined for each child with the goal of evaluating attitudes and eating habits, through the Child Feeding Questionnaire (CFQ). All the data was statistically analyzed through the statistics software “Statistical Package for Social Sciences” (SPSS) version 24.0. Results: According to the WHO criteria, about 40% of the sample doesn’t find itself within the BMI recommended for the age. It was possible to verify that the mother’s school level influenced some of the mother’s attitudes which then influence the child’s eating habits. However, in this study, the factors mentioned before seem to have a bigger influence in children aged between 3 and 4 years old, rather than children aged 5 or more where no significant relation was found between the mother’s educational background and the child’s weight. In relation to the CFQ factor#s, it was verified that the parent’s concern with the child’s weight gain as well as restriction, show relation to the z-score of the child’s BMI for both age ranges. In children aged 5 years old and more was also verified relation between uncovered control and monitoring and the BMI z-score. The CFQ factors also presented a relation with the child’s food consumption frequency, given that undercover control was the factor which presented the highest consumption of nutritionally adequate food as well as the lowest consumption of nutritionally less recommended food, the opposite was verified for the pressure factor. Conclusion: It’s possible to verify that the parental attitudes and practices have an influence in children’s eating habits therefore being fundamental to act upon this so that parent’s habits became more mindful and influence their child’s development and food behavior, correctly.
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Keywords
Obesidade Crianças Práticas alimentares Comportamento alimentar Obesity Children Feeding practices Food behaviour