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Causalidade alternativa e a jurisprudência dos Tribunais Superiores
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A presente dissertação debruça-se sobre a problemática da causalidade alternativa, no âmbito da responsabilidade civil, tendo como ponto de partida as limitações inerentes à teoria da causalidade adequada, consagrada no art.563º do CC português, uma vez confrontada com uma pluralidade de agentes potencialmente causadores de um evento lesivo danoso e de origem indeterminada. Partindo de uma análise do paradigma causal clássico e da sua progressiva evolução para critérios normativos de imputação objetiva, este trabalho percorre as principais teorias do nexo causal, desde logo, a equivalência de condições, causalidade adequada, escopo da norma e teoria do risco, identificando-se os seus limites, aquando da complexidade causal. No plano do direito comparado, analisa-se o modelo alemão e o italiano, bem como os projetos europeus de harmonização (DCFR e PETL), confrontando-os com a inexistência de consagração legal expressa no ordenamento jurídico português. Empreende-se, outrossim, a análise de decisões jurisprudenciais dos tribunais portugueses, aferindo-se a evolução dogmática na indeterminação causal. Procede-se à conclusão de uma necessidade de reconstrução do nexo causal como juízo de imputação assente na delimitação de esferas de risco, com reconfiguração funcional do ónus da prova, propondo-se uma possível consagração legislativa de um nº2 no art.490º do CC, que vise disciplinar expressamente a causalidade alternativa.
This dissertation addresses the issue of alternative causation within the framework of civil liability taking as its starting point the inherent limitations of the theory of adequate causation, enshrined in art.563 of Portuguese civil code, when confronted with a plurality of agents potentially responsible for a harmful event of indeterminate origin. Based on an analysis of the classical causal paradigm and its gradual evolution towards normative criteria of objective imputation, this study examines the main doctrinal theories, namely the equivalence of conditions, adequate causation, the scope of the norm, and risk theory, identifying their respective limitations in situations of causal complexity. From a comparative law perspective, the German and Italian models are analyzed, as well as the European harmonization projects (DCFR and PETL), contrasting them with the absence of explicit legal regulation within the Portuguese legal system. Furthermore, this work undertakes an analysis of case law Portuguese courts, assessing the doctrinal evolution regarding causal indeterminacy. It concludes by asserting the need to reconstruct the causal nexus as a judgment of imputation grounded in the delimitation of spheres of risk, with a functional reconfiguration of the burden of proof, and proposes the possible legislative introduction of a paragraph 2 in art.490º of the civil code, aimed at expressly regulating alternative causation
This dissertation addresses the issue of alternative causation within the framework of civil liability taking as its starting point the inherent limitations of the theory of adequate causation, enshrined in art.563 of Portuguese civil code, when confronted with a plurality of agents potentially responsible for a harmful event of indeterminate origin. Based on an analysis of the classical causal paradigm and its gradual evolution towards normative criteria of objective imputation, this study examines the main doctrinal theories, namely the equivalence of conditions, adequate causation, the scope of the norm, and risk theory, identifying their respective limitations in situations of causal complexity. From a comparative law perspective, the German and Italian models are analyzed, as well as the European harmonization projects (DCFR and PETL), contrasting them with the absence of explicit legal regulation within the Portuguese legal system. Furthermore, this work undertakes an analysis of case law Portuguese courts, assessing the doctrinal evolution regarding causal indeterminacy. It concludes by asserting the need to reconstruct the causal nexus as a judgment of imputation grounded in the delimitation of spheres of risk, with a functional reconfiguration of the burden of proof, and proposes the possible legislative introduction of a paragraph 2 in art.490º of the civil code, aimed at expressly regulating alternative causation
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Causalidade alternativa Nexo causal Imputação objetiva Esfera de risco Responsabilidade solidária Ónus da prova Responsabilidade civil Alternative causation Causal nexus Objective imputation Sphere of risk Joint and several liability Burden of proof Tort law
Contexto Educativo
Citação
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Licença CC
Sem licença CC