| Nome: | Descrição: | Tamanho: | Formato: | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 860.5 KB | Adobe PDF |
Autores
Orientador(es)
Resumo(s)
A diabetes é uma das doenças crónicas mais comuns da nossa época, afetando
cerca de 285 milhões de pessoas em todo o mundo, com idades compreendidas entre os
20 e os 79 anos (Siam, 2007). A diabetes Tipo 2 é considerada atualmente um enorme
desafio de saúde pública, devido à sua prevalência e incidência com tendência crescente
e também pelas complicações associadas. Quem vive com uma doença como DT2, tem
vários aspetos do seu quotidiano atingidos, devido às exigências que este tipo de doença
crónica impõe ao estilo de vida do individuo (Pais, Guedes & Menezes, 2013). Este
trabalho pretende abordar a vivência Diabetes Tipo 2 e todos os desafios associados à
mesma, a partir da perspetiva do indivíduo que com ela vive, explorando especificamente
o papel do suporte social, profissionais de saúde e da informação na adaptação à diabetes
tipo 2. Neste estudo foi adotada uma abordagem qualitativa, com recurso a uma entrevista
semiestruturada e um questionário sociodemográfico breve. Nesta investigação
participaram 11 indivíduos com o diagnóstico de diabetes tipo 2, que foram recrutados
através de uma amostra não probabilística por conveniência, a partir da rede de contactos
do investigador. Os critérios de participação eram ter um diagnóstico de diabetes Tipo 2
há pelo menos 6 meses e tinham de ter uma idade mínima de 18 anos. Os participantes
responderam a um questionário sociodemográfico e de seguida participaram também
numa entrevista semiestruturada que pretendia responder aos objetivos do estudo. As
entrevistas foram gravadas e transcritas, para posteriormente se proceder a uma análise
temática. Os resultados finais demonstraram que, para alguns participantes, o diagnóstico
inicial foi o mais complicado e difícil de gerir. Contudo, existiram participantes que já
tinham conhecimento da diabetes tipo 2 através de familiares próximos. Detendo alguns
conhecimentos e mecanismos para uma melhor e rápida gestão da doença, referindo
sentirem-se mais preparados para lidar com a diabetes. Comparativamente com
participantes que não detinham nenhum conhecimento prévio da diabetes, descreveram
que ficaram ângustiados e com medo do desconhecido. Quase todos os participantes
fizeram referência aos hábitos que tiveram de alterar, mas sem nunca descuidarem a
doença. Existiu apenas um participante, que referiu que não têm os cuidados que deveria
ter com a diabetes e que o que queria mesmo era não os ter, referindo ainda, que mantém
os seus hábitos á mesma. Relativamente ao suporte social, todos referiram que tem esse
apoio presente, mas que sem o suporte social, não teriam conseguido gerir a doença da
mesma forma, foi considerado um fator protetor muito importante para os participantes.
No entanto, existiram participantes que referiram que apesar de terem suporte social
sentiram que a gestão da DT2 dependeu unicamente de si e da sua motivação para a
mudança. Por fim, relativamente aos profissionais de saúde e á informação transmitida,
todos os participantes á exceção de um, fizeram referência que sempre se sentiram bem
acompanhados e os profissionais de saúde foram essenciais para o esclarecimento de
dúvidas e para a gestão da diabetes tipo 2. No entanto, um participante referiu que não
foi bem acompanhado, não viu as suas dúvidas esclarecidas pelo profissional de saúde e
que tudo o que sabe até ao momento, foi através da sua farmacêutica local e também, que
á medida que ia lidando com a doença é que foi aprendendo o que resultava melhor
consigo. Desta forma, a diabetes tipo 2 é uma doença muito exigente para o indivíduo e
que requer muitas alterações e rotinas a longo prazo, por isso, torna-se imprescindível, a
cooperação de todos os envolvidos, como a família que foi a mais mencionada por todos
os participantes, e ainda, os profissionais de saúde. Posto isto, se não existisse este apoio
mútuo e direto, a gestão seria muito mais exigente e mais desaprimorada.
Diabetes is one of the most common chronic diseases of our time, affecting about 285 million people worldwide, aged between 20 and 79 years old (Siam, 2007). Type 2 diabetes is currently considered an enormous public health challenge, due to its prevalence and incidence with an increasing tendency and also for the associated complications. Those who live with a disease like DT2, have several aspects of their daily lives reached, due to the demands that this type of chronic disease imposes on the individual's lifestyle (Pais, Guedes & Menezes, 2013). This work intends to approach the Type 2 Diabetes experience and all the challenges associated with it, from the perspective of the individual who lives with it, specifically exploring the role of social support, health professionals and information in adapting to type 2 diabetes. The study adopted a qualitative approach, using a semi-structured interview and a brief sociodemographic questionnaire. This investigation involved 11 individuals diagnosed with type 2 diabetes, who were recruited through a non-probabilistic sample for convenience, from the investigator's network of contacts. The participation criteria were to have been diagnosed with Type 2 diabetes at least 6 months ago and had to be at least 18 years old. Participants answered a sociodemographic questionnaire and then also participated in a semistructured interview that intended to answer the objectives of the study. The interviews were recorded and transcribed, for a later thematic analysis. The final results showed that, for some participants, the initial diagnosis was the most complicated and difficult to manage. However, there were participants who were already aware of type 2 diabetes through close family members. Having some knowledge and mechanisms for a better and faster management of the disease, saying they feel more prepared to deal with diabetes. Compared with participants who had no previous knowledge of diabetes, they described that they were anguished and afraid of the unknown. Almost all participants referred to the habits they had to change, but without ever neglecting the disease. There was only one participant, who mentioned that they do not have the care they should have with diabetes and that what they really wanted was not to have them, also mentioning that they keep their habits the same. Regarding social support, everyone reported that they have this support present, but that without social support, they would not have been able to manage the disease in the same way, it was considered a very important protective factor for the participants. However, there were participants who reported that despite having social support they felt that the management of DT2 depended solely on you and your motivation for change. Finally, in relation to health professionals and the information transmitted, all participants except one, mentioned that they always felt well accompanied and health professionals were essential to clarify doubts and to manage type 2 diabetes. However, one participant reported that he was not well monitored, that his doubts were not clarified by the health professional and that everything he knows so far, was through his local pharmacist and also, as he dealt with the disease is that it was learning what worked best for you. Thus, type 2 diabetes is a very demanding disease for the individual and requires many changes and routines in the long term, therefore, it becomes essential, the cooperation of all involved, such as the family that was the most mentioned by all participants, as well as health professionals. That said, if this mutual and direct support did not exist, management would be much more demanding and more discouraged.
Diabetes is one of the most common chronic diseases of our time, affecting about 285 million people worldwide, aged between 20 and 79 years old (Siam, 2007). Type 2 diabetes is currently considered an enormous public health challenge, due to its prevalence and incidence with an increasing tendency and also for the associated complications. Those who live with a disease like DT2, have several aspects of their daily lives reached, due to the demands that this type of chronic disease imposes on the individual's lifestyle (Pais, Guedes & Menezes, 2013). This work intends to approach the Type 2 Diabetes experience and all the challenges associated with it, from the perspective of the individual who lives with it, specifically exploring the role of social support, health professionals and information in adapting to type 2 diabetes. The study adopted a qualitative approach, using a semi-structured interview and a brief sociodemographic questionnaire. This investigation involved 11 individuals diagnosed with type 2 diabetes, who were recruited through a non-probabilistic sample for convenience, from the investigator's network of contacts. The participation criteria were to have been diagnosed with Type 2 diabetes at least 6 months ago and had to be at least 18 years old. Participants answered a sociodemographic questionnaire and then also participated in a semistructured interview that intended to answer the objectives of the study. The interviews were recorded and transcribed, for a later thematic analysis. The final results showed that, for some participants, the initial diagnosis was the most complicated and difficult to manage. However, there were participants who were already aware of type 2 diabetes through close family members. Having some knowledge and mechanisms for a better and faster management of the disease, saying they feel more prepared to deal with diabetes. Compared with participants who had no previous knowledge of diabetes, they described that they were anguished and afraid of the unknown. Almost all participants referred to the habits they had to change, but without ever neglecting the disease. There was only one participant, who mentioned that they do not have the care they should have with diabetes and that what they really wanted was not to have them, also mentioning that they keep their habits the same. Regarding social support, everyone reported that they have this support present, but that without social support, they would not have been able to manage the disease in the same way, it was considered a very important protective factor for the participants. However, there were participants who reported that despite having social support they felt that the management of DT2 depended solely on you and your motivation for change. Finally, in relation to health professionals and the information transmitted, all participants except one, mentioned that they always felt well accompanied and health professionals were essential to clarify doubts and to manage type 2 diabetes. However, one participant reported that he was not well monitored, that his doubts were not clarified by the health professional and that everything he knows so far, was through his local pharmacist and also, as he dealt with the disease is that it was learning what worked best for you. Thus, type 2 diabetes is a very demanding disease for the individual and requires many changes and routines in the long term, therefore, it becomes essential, the cooperation of all involved, such as the family that was the most mentioned by all participants, as well as health professionals. That said, if this mutual and direct support did not exist, management would be much more demanding and more discouraged.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Diabetes tipo 2 Recursos Suporte social Autogestão Serviço de saúde Profissionais de saúde Type 2 diabetes Resources Social support Self-management Health service Health professionals