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Funções e condições de trabalho de um enfermeiro no Hospital de S. José (meados do século XIX)
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Os enfermeiros portugueses possuem hoje diversos instrumentos e meios que regulam o exercício profissional. Todavia, a consolidação do processo identitário obriga a um esforço de clarificação das práticas e dos contextos da profissão em períodos históricos anteriores, nomeadamente no período da monarquia constitucional. Pretende-se contribuir para o esclarecimento do estatuto profissional e social do enfermeiro contido no Regulamento do Hospital de S. José, de 21 de janeiro de 1851. Procedeu-se à consulta e análise daquele regulamento e da Coleção de Orçamentos de Estado (1836-1862), segundo a metodologia da análise histórica. Apresentam-se aspetos do ambiente físico e económico do hospital, a posição do grupo dos enfermeiros em relação aos outros empregados, a organização do dia-a-dia nas enfermarias e as funções dos diferentes empregados. Os empregados formavam dois grupos: os empregados maiores e os empregados menores onde se incluíam os enfermeiros. O enfermeiro - figura central nas rotinas e gestão da enfermaria, tinha funções de supervisão dos ajudantes e moços. Os ajudantes eram quem realizava os cuidados aos doentes. Seria útil prosseguir este estudo em períodos subsequentes ou fazer um estudo comparativo com o Hospital Termal das Caldas ou um hospital sob a tutela das Misericórdias.
Portuguese nurses currently have several tools and ressouces that regulate their professional practice. Nevertheless, the consolidation of the identity process requires efforts to clarify the practices and contexts of the profession in earlier historical periods, namely during the constitutional monarchy. We intend to contribute to clarifying the professional and social status of the nurse stated in the Regulation of Hospital de S. José, of 21st January 1851. We consulted and analysed the Regulation and Colection of State Budgets (1836-1862), using the historical analysis method. We present aspects of the physical and economic environment of the hospital, the position of the nursing staff compared with the other employees, the daily organization in wards and the role of each employee. They were two groups of employees: employees with major functions and employees with minor functions, which included nurses. The nurse – central figure in the management and routines of the ward– had supervisory responsibilities over nursing assistants and ”moços”. Patient care was perfomed by nursing assistants. It would be useful to conduct further research on subsequent periods or carry out a comparative study with either the Hospital Termal das Caldas or another hospital run by the Misericórdias.
Portuguese nurses currently have several tools and ressouces that regulate their professional practice. Nevertheless, the consolidation of the identity process requires efforts to clarify the practices and contexts of the profession in earlier historical periods, namely during the constitutional monarchy. We intend to contribute to clarifying the professional and social status of the nurse stated in the Regulation of Hospital de S. José, of 21st January 1851. We consulted and analysed the Regulation and Colection of State Budgets (1836-1862), using the historical analysis method. We present aspects of the physical and economic environment of the hospital, the position of the nursing staff compared with the other employees, the daily organization in wards and the role of each employee. They were two groups of employees: employees with major functions and employees with minor functions, which included nurses. The nurse – central figure in the management and routines of the ward– had supervisory responsibilities over nursing assistants and ”moços”. Patient care was perfomed by nursing assistants. It would be useful to conduct further research on subsequent periods or carry out a comparative study with either the Hospital Termal das Caldas or another hospital run by the Misericórdias.
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Palavras-chave
História Século XIX História da enfermagem Prática da enfermagem History 19th century History of nursing Nursing practice
Contexto Educativo
Citação
Editora
Escola Superior de Enfermagem de Coimbra