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O presente relatório tem por base o estágio curricular realizado durante quatro meses no Instituto Português de Oncologia do Porto Francisco Gentil, E.P.E. (IPOP), no serviço de Física Médica, com o objetivo de obtenção de grau de Mestre no âmbito do Mestrado em Engenharia Biomédica na Universidade Católica Portuguesa do Porto. O relatório pretendeu expor um enquadramento teórico na área da Radioterapia e da Física Médica e explanar as principais atividades desenvolvidas como estagiária. A Radioterapia é focada no tratamento oncológico através do uso de radiação ionizante, para tratamento de quase todos os tipos de cancro. A física médica é uma especialidade da física que se concentra na aplicação de princípios e técnicas físicas na área da medicina. As atividades relatadas no trabalho são referentes ao controlo da qualidade dos aceleradores lineares e os principais parâmetros avaliados: testes mecânicos, testes dosimétricos, LINACHEK e verificação de parâmetros de feixes de fotões de energias 6MV e 15 MV e eletrões de energias 6MeV, 9MeV e 12 MeV no equipamento do modelo Varian DHX, de acordo com o protocolo TRS 398. Após análise de resultados, verificou-se que todos os parâmetros estavam de acordo com as tolerâncias estabelecidas e o acelerador estaria pronto a ser usado. O segundo trabalho prático consistiu no controlo da qualidade dos planos de tratamento dos doentes, através de dois métodos diferentes: através do EPID ou da matriz de câmaras de ionização. A dosimetria de filmes radiocrómicos consistiu na determinação das curvas de calibração utilizando energias de 6MeV e 9MeV e na irradiação de filmes GAFChromic EBT 3 num campo de 10x10cm com SSD de 100cm. Posteriormente foram digitalizados e determinadas as densidades óticas através do software DoseLab-Pro e por fim determinada a dose presente nos filmes radiossensíveis. No último trabalho prático foram analisados 34 tipos de pensos diferentes, expostos a energias de 6MeV e 9MeV, avaliando e quantificando a dose e o efeito que esta poderia ter na pele do doente. Concluiu-se que os pensos não saturados apresentam uma atenuação em relação aos saturados, e que a dose depositada no filme radiossensível é superior na presença de pensos saturados.
This internship report is based on the curricular internship carried out during four months at the Instituto Português de Oncologia do Porto Francisco Gentil, E.P.E. (IPOP), in the Medical Physics service, in order to obtain a Masters degree as part of the Master's in Biomedical Engineering at the Universidade Católica Portuguesa do Porto. The report aimed to present a theoretical framework in the area of Radiotherapy and Medical Physics and explain the main activities developed as a trainee. Radiotherapy is defined as a medical specialty focused on cancer treatment through the use of ionizing radiation to treat almost all types of cancer. Medical physics is a specialty of physics that focuses on the application of physical principles and techniques in the field of medicine. The activities reported in the work are related to the quality control of linear accelerators and the main parameters evaluated: mechanical tests, dose profiles, homogeneity and symmetry, quality index, dose rate, LINACHEK and verification of parameters of photon beams of energies 6MV and 15 MV and electrons of energies 6MeV, 9MeV and 12 MeV in the Varian DHX model equipment, according to the TRS 398 protocol. After analysing the results, it was found that all parameters were in accordance with the established tolerances and the accelerator would be ready for use. The second practical work consisted of quality control of the patient treatment plans, using two different methods: through EPID or the ionization chamber array. Dosimetry of radiochromic films consisted of determining calibration curves using energies of 6MeV and 9MeV, and irradiating GAFChromic EBT-3 films in a 10x10cm field with 100cm SSD and then scanning and determining the optical densities, using DoseLab-Pro software and finally determining the dose present in the radiosensitive films. Finally, in the last practical work, 34 different types of dressings were analysed, exposed to energies of 6MeV and 9MeV, evaluating and quantifying the dose and the effect it could have on the patient's skin. It is concluded that unsaturated dressings have a higher attenuation than saturated ones, and that the dose deposited in the radiosensitive film is higher in the presence of saturated dressings.
This internship report is based on the curricular internship carried out during four months at the Instituto Português de Oncologia do Porto Francisco Gentil, E.P.E. (IPOP), in the Medical Physics service, in order to obtain a Masters degree as part of the Master's in Biomedical Engineering at the Universidade Católica Portuguesa do Porto. The report aimed to present a theoretical framework in the area of Radiotherapy and Medical Physics and explain the main activities developed as a trainee. Radiotherapy is defined as a medical specialty focused on cancer treatment through the use of ionizing radiation to treat almost all types of cancer. Medical physics is a specialty of physics that focuses on the application of physical principles and techniques in the field of medicine. The activities reported in the work are related to the quality control of linear accelerators and the main parameters evaluated: mechanical tests, dose profiles, homogeneity and symmetry, quality index, dose rate, LINACHEK and verification of parameters of photon beams of energies 6MV and 15 MV and electrons of energies 6MeV, 9MeV and 12 MeV in the Varian DHX model equipment, according to the TRS 398 protocol. After analysing the results, it was found that all parameters were in accordance with the established tolerances and the accelerator would be ready for use. The second practical work consisted of quality control of the patient treatment plans, using two different methods: through EPID or the ionization chamber array. Dosimetry of radiochromic films consisted of determining calibration curves using energies of 6MeV and 9MeV, and irradiating GAFChromic EBT-3 films in a 10x10cm field with 100cm SSD and then scanning and determining the optical densities, using DoseLab-Pro software and finally determining the dose present in the radiosensitive films. Finally, in the last practical work, 34 different types of dressings were analysed, exposed to energies of 6MeV and 9MeV, evaluating and quantifying the dose and the effect it could have on the patient's skin. It is concluded that unsaturated dressings have a higher attenuation than saturated ones, and that the dose deposited in the radiosensitive film is higher in the presence of saturated dressings.
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Keywords
Radioterapia Acelerador linear Controlo qualidade GAFChromic EBT-3 Radiotherapy Linear accelerator Quality assurance