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Orientador(es)
Resumo(s)
O presente trabalho tem como objetivo apresentar uma visão de corresponsabilidade
laical mediante a qual a figura do leigo recupere um certo protagonismo na Igreja, sendo
chamado à evangelização e, como batizado e participante do múnus de santificar, ensinar e
governar, trabalhar em prol do bem da comunidade, sendo-lhe confiada a cura pastoral.
Este trabalho é desenvolvido ao longo de três capítulos. No primeiro capítulo procedeuse à elaboração de um questionário endereçado às dioceses de Portugal, com o objetivo de
compreender o desenvolvimento pastoral das mesmas. Das respostas ao questionário,
desenrolou-se uma análise aos dados obtidos, concluindo-se que o número de sacerdotes e de
novas ordenações presbiterais está a diminuir, não se verificando, mau grado, o efeito contrário
no trabalho pastoral confiado aos leigos, mediante ministérios instituídos.
No segundo capítulo são apresentados dois desenvolvimentos históricos: a evolução da
figura do presbítero ao longo da história da Igreja e o desenvolvimento da figura do leigo ao
longo da mesma história. Conclui-se daí que a figura do presbítero vai-se tornando central no
desenvolvimento da Igreja, ficando com o centralismo e a centralidade da ação eclesial em suas
mãos em detrimento de uma possível cooperação ou corresponsabilidade laical, levando o leigo
a cair cada vez mais na inatividade pastoral. Este capítulo termina com uma observação à
linguagem e às expressões ainda utilizadas no meio pastoral: “pastor” e “rebanho”. Parecem ser
palavras que já perderam a sua força análoga num mundo citadino, tecnológico e empresarial,
apresentando-se novas expressões de melhor compreensão e que abrem a possibilidade de um
horizonte pastoral marcado pela delegação de funções – “guia” e “colaborador/cooperador”.
No terceiro e último capítulo desenvolve-se o tema dos leigos, mas no sentido dos
ministérios. Depois de definidos alguns conceitos, procede-se à apresentação dos ministérios
atualmente instituídos na Igreja (Acólito, Leitor e Catequista) e de outros ministérios não
instituídos, serviços e movimentos que se podem encontrar nas comunidades. Para um maior
envolvimento laical, no sentido da corresponsabilidade e colaboração na cura pastoral são
propostos novos ministérios instituídos em que, através da instituição, possam abarcar uma
maior amplitude da dinâmica pastoral das comunidades. Aborda-se ainda o diaconado
permanente com o objetivo de defender que a sua função primordial é a caridade e que, por
isso, ele deve ser o responsável pelos Centros Sociais e Paroquiais e das IPSS e demais meios
de assistência social. Olha-se ainda, a comunidade, nomeadamente, a figura da comunidade
paroquial que, sabendo que nem todos podem exercer ministérios, podem contribuir de forma
ativa; a comunidade age, assim, como “avaliadora” da ação pastoral dos agentes responsáveis,
sejam eles leigos ou presbíteros, e é voz da promoção e afirmação de idoneidade de candidatos
leigos aos ministérios; assume, ainda, corresponsabilidade em serviços mais abrangentes como
a limpeza, a oração comunitária, a caridade mútua, entre outros. Por último, aborda-se o papel
que a mulher pode desempenhar na Igreja e, de forma mais específica, nas comunidades
paroquiais em que, elas, podem e devem assumir corresponsabilidade e cooperação na cura
pastoral através dos ministérios instituídos, incluindo os que são aqui propostos.
The present work aims to present a vision of lay co-responsibility through which the layman recovers a certain role in the Church, being called to evangelization and, as baptized and participant in the task of sanctifying, teaching and governing, working for the good of the community, being entrusted with pastoral care. This work is developed over three chapters. In the first chapter, a questionnaire was prepared and addressed to the dioceses of Portugal, in order to understand their pastoral development. From the answers to this questionnaire, an analysis was carried out on the data obtained, and we concluded that the number of priests and new priestly ordinations is decreasing, with no opposite effect in the pastoral work entrusted to the laity, through instituted ministries. In the second chapter, two historical developments are presented: the evolution of the figure of the priest and the development of the lay figure throughout the history of the Church. We conclude that the figure of the priest becomes central in the development of the Church, leaving the centralism and centrality of ecclesial action in his hands instead of a possible lay cooperation or co-responsibility, leading the layman to increasingly fall into pastoral inactivity. This chapter ends with an observation on the language and expressions still used in the pastoral environment: “shepherd” and “cattle”. They seem to be words that have already lost their analogous force in a city, technological and business world, so new expressions that are easier to understand have been presented which open the possibility of a pastoral horizon marked by the delegation of functions - "guide" and "collaborator/cooperator" . In the third and final chapter, the theme of lay people is developed, as far as ministries are concerned. After defining some concepts, the ministries currently established in the Church (Acolyte, Reader and Catechist) and other non-established ministries, services and movements that can be found in the communities are presented. For greater lay involvement, as far as coresponsibility and collaboration in pastoral care are concerned, new instituted ministries are proposed in which, through the institution, can encompass a greater amplitude of the pastoral dynamics of the communities. The permanent diaconate is also addressed with the aim of defending that its primary function is charity and, therefore, it should be responsible for Social Centers and Parishes and PSSI and other means of social assistance. We also look at the community, namely the figure of the parish community which, knowing that not everyone can exercise ministries, can actively contribute; the community thus acts as an “evaluator” of the pastoral action of the responsible agents, whether laymen or priests, and it is the voice for the promotion and affirmation of the suitability of lay candidates for ministries; it also assumes co- responsibility for broader services such as cleaning, community prayer, mutual charity, among others. Last but not least, we address the role that women can play in the Church, more specifically in parish communities: they can and must assume co-responsibility and cooperation in pastoral care through the instituted ministries, including those proposed here.
The present work aims to present a vision of lay co-responsibility through which the layman recovers a certain role in the Church, being called to evangelization and, as baptized and participant in the task of sanctifying, teaching and governing, working for the good of the community, being entrusted with pastoral care. This work is developed over three chapters. In the first chapter, a questionnaire was prepared and addressed to the dioceses of Portugal, in order to understand their pastoral development. From the answers to this questionnaire, an analysis was carried out on the data obtained, and we concluded that the number of priests and new priestly ordinations is decreasing, with no opposite effect in the pastoral work entrusted to the laity, through instituted ministries. In the second chapter, two historical developments are presented: the evolution of the figure of the priest and the development of the lay figure throughout the history of the Church. We conclude that the figure of the priest becomes central in the development of the Church, leaving the centralism and centrality of ecclesial action in his hands instead of a possible lay cooperation or co-responsibility, leading the layman to increasingly fall into pastoral inactivity. This chapter ends with an observation on the language and expressions still used in the pastoral environment: “shepherd” and “cattle”. They seem to be words that have already lost their analogous force in a city, technological and business world, so new expressions that are easier to understand have been presented which open the possibility of a pastoral horizon marked by the delegation of functions - "guide" and "collaborator/cooperator" . In the third and final chapter, the theme of lay people is developed, as far as ministries are concerned. After defining some concepts, the ministries currently established in the Church (Acolyte, Reader and Catechist) and other non-established ministries, services and movements that can be found in the communities are presented. For greater lay involvement, as far as coresponsibility and collaboration in pastoral care are concerned, new instituted ministries are proposed in which, through the institution, can encompass a greater amplitude of the pastoral dynamics of the communities. The permanent diaconate is also addressed with the aim of defending that its primary function is charity and, therefore, it should be responsible for Social Centers and Parishes and PSSI and other means of social assistance. We also look at the community, namely the figure of the parish community which, knowing that not everyone can exercise ministries, can actively contribute; the community thus acts as an “evaluator” of the pastoral action of the responsible agents, whether laymen or priests, and it is the voice for the promotion and affirmation of the suitability of lay candidates for ministries; it also assumes co- responsibility for broader services such as cleaning, community prayer, mutual charity, among others. Last but not least, we address the role that women can play in the Church, more specifically in parish communities: they can and must assume co-responsibility and cooperation in pastoral care through the instituted ministries, including those proposed here.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Leigo Presbítero Cura pastoral Corresponsabilidade Ministério Layman Presbyter Pastoral healing Co-responsibility Ministry