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Abstract(s)
O presente estudo apresenta uma análise à proibição do pacto comissório no ordenamento jurídico português, implementada pelo legislador no artigo 694.º do Código Civil, em conjugação com o regime plasmado no Decreto-Lei n.º 105/2004, de 8 de maio, sobre os acordos de garantia financeira. Ora, este, aparentemente, permite no contexto do penhor financeiro o recurso ao pacto comissório, isto é, que o credor em caso de incumprimento se aproprie do objeto da garantia. Partiremos do estudo da figura do pacto comissório, da sua razão de ser, da sua pertinência no atual contexto económico-social, versando sobre a sua relação com a figura do pacto marciano. Avançaremos para uma análise da Diretiva 2002/47/CE, de 6 de junho, e do Decreto-Lei n.º 105/2004, de 8 de maio, com o intuito de explorar os problemas teóricos e práticos suscitados por estes diplomas, procurando, aprofundadamente, responder à questão de saber, em primeiro lugar, se a proibição do pacto comissório abrange a constituição de garantias reais atípicas e, em segundo lugar, à questão se o Decreto-Lei nº 105/2004 institui, na prática, uma verdadeira exceção à proibição da convenção comissória, prevista no artigo 694.º do Código Civil.
The present study surveys an analysis of the prohibition of the commissory agreement in the Portuguese legal system, implemented by the legislator in article no. 694 of the Civil Code, in addition to the regime enshrined by the Law n.º 105/2004, of May 8th, on financial guarantee agreements, which apparently allows, in the context of the financial pledge, the recourse to the commissary pact, which translates in the hypothesis of, in the event of default, the object of the guarantee being transferred to the creditor. We intend to initiate our study based on the analyses of the mechanism of the commissory pact itself, its reason of being, its relevance in the current economic and social context, dealing with its relationship with the figure of the marciano pact. We will then proceed to an analysis of both the Directive no 2002/47/CE, of June 6th, and the Law nº. 105/2004, aiming to explore the theoretical and practical issues raised by these diplomas, seeking, in depth, to answer the question of knowing if, firstly, the prohibition of the commissory pact covers the constitution of new real guarantees (collateral), and secondly, the question of knowing if the Law nº 105/2004 implements a real exception to the prohibition of the commissory agreement, provided for in article 694 of the Civil Code.
The present study surveys an analysis of the prohibition of the commissory agreement in the Portuguese legal system, implemented by the legislator in article no. 694 of the Civil Code, in addition to the regime enshrined by the Law n.º 105/2004, of May 8th, on financial guarantee agreements, which apparently allows, in the context of the financial pledge, the recourse to the commissary pact, which translates in the hypothesis of, in the event of default, the object of the guarantee being transferred to the creditor. We intend to initiate our study based on the analyses of the mechanism of the commissory pact itself, its reason of being, its relevance in the current economic and social context, dealing with its relationship with the figure of the marciano pact. We will then proceed to an analysis of both the Directive no 2002/47/CE, of June 6th, and the Law nº. 105/2004, aiming to explore the theoretical and practical issues raised by these diplomas, seeking, in depth, to answer the question of knowing if, firstly, the prohibition of the commissory pact covers the constitution of new real guarantees (collateral), and secondly, the question of knowing if the Law nº 105/2004 implements a real exception to the prohibition of the commissory agreement, provided for in article 694 of the Civil Code.
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Keywords
Pacto comissório Pacto marciano Garantia financeira Penhor financeiro Execução de garantias Commissory pact Financial guarantee Financial pledge Execution of collateral guarantees