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O envelhecimento da população a nível mundial e, nomeadamente, em Portugal é apontado como um marco da sociedade atual, em muito associado ao aumento da esperança média de vida. Cada vez mais a viverem sozinhos e a necessitar de mais cuidados, existe uma maior procura de instituições, por parte dos mesmos ou dos familiares. Realizouse um estudo qualitativo com o objetivo principal de compreender e explorar a felicidade em pessoas com mais idade. Participaram 7 adultos com mais idade institucionalizados, 4 do sexo feminino e 3 do sexo masculino, com idades compreendidas entre os 65 e 80 anos (M=74), utilizando o questionário sociodemográfico e a entrevista semiestruturada. Com recurso à abordagem de análise de conteúdo para analisar os dados construíramse Categorias de 2ª ordem correspondentes aos objetivos específicos interpretações, determinantes e implicações da felicidade. No que diz respeito às interpretações de felicidade as Categorias de 2ª ordem são “Experiências e Momentos”, “Os Outros”, “A Família” o que evidencia que não existe uma definição única para a felicidade, contudo há dimensões que parecem não poder faltar para a interpretação da mesma, nomeadamente a emoção positiva provocada pelas experiências ou momentos vivenciados, a relação consigo próprio e com o outro. No que concerne aos determinantes associouse as Categorias de 2ª ordem “Fatores para a Felicidade”, “A dimensão Humana” e “Os aspetos negativos associados à Felicidade” que nos elucida para resposta positiva às necessidades básicas (nível físico, financeiro, saúde), a fundamental existência de sentimentos e/ou sensações positivas e a ausência de perdas ou solidão. Relativamente às implicações as Categorias de 2ª ordem são “Consciência da presença ou não de Felicidade”, “A faixa etária” e “Realização”, onde se identifica a felicidade como algo presente, mas com uma forte ligação ao passado, nomeadamente à juventude e ainda uma interligação com a satisfação com a vida. Os resultados alcançados revelam ser necessário a implementação de ações que permitam aos adultos com mais idade adquirir perceções mais positivas sobre o seu envelhecimento e as consequências do mesmo (tais como a maior dependência de outros, menor capacidades físicas e mentais, as perdas), bem como desenvolver redes de maior suporte social que cuidem das suas necessidades de forma a suprimilas ao máximo.
The ageing of the population worldwide, particularly in Portugal, is pointed out as a milestone of today's society, largely associated with the increase in average life expectancy. Increasingly living alone and needing more care, there is a greater demand for institutions, by them or their relatives. A qualitative study was conducted with the main objective of understanding and exploring happiness in older people. Participants were 7 institutionalized older adults, 4 females and 3 males, aged between 65 and 80 years (M=74), using the sociodemographic questionnaire and the semi-structured interview. Using the content analysis approach to analyze the data, 2nd order categories were constructed corresponding to the specific objectives interpretations, determinates and implications of happiness. As far as interpretations of happiness are concerned, the 2nd order Categories are "Experiences and Moments", "The Others", "The Family" which shows that there is no single definition for happiness, however there are dimensions that seem not to be missing for its interpretation, namely the positive emotion caused by the experiences or moments lived, the relationship with oneself and with the other. With regard to the determinants, the 2nd order categories "Factors for Happiness", "The Human Dimension" and "The negative aspects associated with Happiness" were associated, which elucidates us for a positive response to basic needs (physical, financial, health), the fundamental existence of positive feelings and/or sensations and the absence of loss or loneliness. Regarding the implications, the 2nd order Categories are "Awareness of the presence or not of Happiness", "The age group" and "Achievement", where happiness is identified as something present, but with a strong connection to the past, namely to youth and also an interconnection with satisfaction with life. The results show that it is necessary to implement actions that allow older adults to acquire more positive perceptions about their aging and its consequences (such as greater dependence on others, lower physical and mental capacities, losses), as well as to develop greater social support networks that take care of their needs in order to suppress them as much as possible.
The ageing of the population worldwide, particularly in Portugal, is pointed out as a milestone of today's society, largely associated with the increase in average life expectancy. Increasingly living alone and needing more care, there is a greater demand for institutions, by them or their relatives. A qualitative study was conducted with the main objective of understanding and exploring happiness in older people. Participants were 7 institutionalized older adults, 4 females and 3 males, aged between 65 and 80 years (M=74), using the sociodemographic questionnaire and the semi-structured interview. Using the content analysis approach to analyze the data, 2nd order categories were constructed corresponding to the specific objectives interpretations, determinates and implications of happiness. As far as interpretations of happiness are concerned, the 2nd order Categories are "Experiences and Moments", "The Others", "The Family" which shows that there is no single definition for happiness, however there are dimensions that seem not to be missing for its interpretation, namely the positive emotion caused by the experiences or moments lived, the relationship with oneself and with the other. With regard to the determinants, the 2nd order categories "Factors for Happiness", "The Human Dimension" and "The negative aspects associated with Happiness" were associated, which elucidates us for a positive response to basic needs (physical, financial, health), the fundamental existence of positive feelings and/or sensations and the absence of loss or loneliness. Regarding the implications, the 2nd order Categories are "Awareness of the presence or not of Happiness", "The age group" and "Achievement", where happiness is identified as something present, but with a strong connection to the past, namely to youth and also an interconnection with satisfaction with life. The results show that it is necessary to implement actions that allow older adults to acquire more positive perceptions about their aging and its consequences (such as greater dependence on others, lower physical and mental capacities, losses), as well as to develop greater social support networks that take care of their needs in order to suppress them as much as possible.
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Keywords
Estudo qualitativo Análise de conteúdo Felicidade Adultos com mais idade institucionalizados Qualitative study Content analysis Happiness Institutionalized older adults