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A Pátria dos Surdos procura identificar e descrever o caminho mais apropriado – na família, na escola e na sociedade – para este grupo minoritário, com especial enfoque na sua educação e formação. Para atingir este objetivo fomos ao encontro de comunidades e de pessoas surdas, observando-as no seu meio natural e apresentando-as através de narrativas que permitem retratar e descrever os seus modos de vida e os seus percursos escolares e profissionais. Relativamente às comunidades, o foco foi posto nas línguas gestuais como elo de ligação e de inclusão; relativamente às pessoas surdas, procuramos ver os níveis académicos e as carreiras profissionais atingidos antes e depois da emergência das línguas gestuais. Os resultados mostram que os surdos não educados nas línguas gestuais raramente vão além do ensino primário, enquanto os educados nas línguas gestuais chegam com facilidade ao ensino superior, obtêm títulos académicos ao mais alto nível e entram em carreiras e profissões de alto prestígio. As línguas gestuais constituem assim um marco histórico que delimita um antes e um depois, operando o “milagre” da transformação dos “deficientes auditivos” em pessoas normais. Convivendo simultaneamente com dois mundos – surdo e ouvinte – os surdos estão “condenados” a ser bilingues “compulsivos”, apropriando a Língua Gestual como língua natural e a Língua Portuguesa como segunda língua. No contexto atual, o modelo bilingue é o caminho a seguir. “A minha pátria é a Língua Portuguesa”, escreveu Fernando Pessoa. A pátria dos Surdos é a Língua Gestual.
The Homeland of Deaf People aims to identify and describe the most appropriate route for this minority group – within the family, in school and in society. Our strategy consisted in observing deaf communities and deaf people in their own environment and professional context. The true life of deaf communities and deaf people is presented through several narratives painting the portrait of their way of life, their academic levels and their professional careers. In natural communities of deaf people with sign languages as their natural languages, we focused on the conscience of deafness itself and as a reason for inclusion/exclusion; from deaf people, we collected information about academic levels and careers before and after the advent of sign languages. The results demonstrate that deaf people educated in oral languages rarely attain levels beyond primary school, whereas their peers having sign language as their natural language and schools where signing is the teaching and learning language, easily get higher academic levels and have prestigious careers. The emergence of sign languages represents a historical framework signaling the before and the after of the “miracle” that transformed hearing handicapped, unable to speak and communicate, into people perfectly integrated in their community. The natural language of deaf people is sign language, the only accessible in the early years. However, living in a society that is mainly made of hearing people, they need and must learn the language of this majority. Being the written language visual, it is, therefore, accessible to this minority group. Fernando Pessoa stated: “my homeland is the Portuguese Language”. The homeland of deaf people is Sign Language.
The Homeland of Deaf People aims to identify and describe the most appropriate route for this minority group – within the family, in school and in society. Our strategy consisted in observing deaf communities and deaf people in their own environment and professional context. The true life of deaf communities and deaf people is presented through several narratives painting the portrait of their way of life, their academic levels and their professional careers. In natural communities of deaf people with sign languages as their natural languages, we focused on the conscience of deafness itself and as a reason for inclusion/exclusion; from deaf people, we collected information about academic levels and careers before and after the advent of sign languages. The results demonstrate that deaf people educated in oral languages rarely attain levels beyond primary school, whereas their peers having sign language as their natural language and schools where signing is the teaching and learning language, easily get higher academic levels and have prestigious careers. The emergence of sign languages represents a historical framework signaling the before and the after of the “miracle” that transformed hearing handicapped, unable to speak and communicate, into people perfectly integrated in their community. The natural language of deaf people is sign language, the only accessible in the early years. However, living in a society that is mainly made of hearing people, they need and must learn the language of this majority. Being the written language visual, it is, therefore, accessible to this minority group. Fernando Pessoa stated: “my homeland is the Portuguese Language”. The homeland of deaf people is Sign Language.
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Keywords
Surdos Educação Língua gestual Deaf Education Sign language