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Prevalência e fatores de risco para xerostomia em idosos com Diabetes Mellitus : um estudo transversal
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Introdução: A xerostomia é uma condição frequente na população geriátrica, principalmente em indivíduos com Diabetes Mellitus, podendo comprometer as suas funções essenciais como a mastigação, deglutição, fala e proteção dos tecidos orais. A sua associação com a polimedicação e com diversas patologias sistémicas torna-a num importante problema de saúde pública, muito frequentemente subvalorizado nos cuidados aos idosos. Objetivos: Avaliar a prevalência da xerostomia em idosos com Diabetes Mellitus e identificar os possíveis fatores de risco que estejam associados, nomeadamente a polimedicação, utilização de próteses dentárias, doenças sistémicas, bem como avaliar o impacto na qualidade de vida relacionada com a saúde oral. Materiais e Métodos: Foi realizado um estudo observacional transversal em 77 idosos diagnosticados com Diabetes Mellitus, provenientes de diferentes instituições e da Universidade Católica Portuguesa – Viseu. A recolha de dados incluiu um questionário sociodemográfico, informação clínica, avaliação da polimedicação, doenças sistémicas e utilização de próteses dentárias. A <br/>xerostomia foi avaliada através do Xerostomy Inventory e o impacto na qualidade de vida relacionada com a saúde oral pelo Oral Health Impact Profile (OHIP-14). Os dados foram analisados estatisticamente no IBM SPSS Statistics. Resultados: A amostra foi constituída por 77 idosos com Diabetes Mellitus, com idade média de 81 anos. Verificou-se elevada prevalência de xerostomia, predominando os graus leve (28,6%) e médio (26,0%), embora 29,9% dos participantes apresentassem formas severas ou constantes. Observou-se uma elevada frequência de polimedicação, hipertensão arterial, dislipidemia e doenças cardiovasculares. Não foi encontrado associação estatisticamente significativa entre xerostomia e polimedicação, utilização de próteses ou patologias sistémicas específicas. Mas verificou-se uma associação estatisticamente significativa entre xerostomia e deterioração da qualidade de vida oral (p<0,001). Discussão: Os resultados sugerem uma tendência para maior gravidade da <br/>xerostomia em indivíduos polimedicados e portadores de múltiplas patologias crónicas. Apesar da ausência de significância estatística em várias associações analisadas, os achados acompanham a literatura existente, que identifica a polimedicação como um potencial fator contribuinte para o desenvolvimento da xerostomia. Conclusão: A xerostomia revelou-se altamente prevalente nos idosos diabéticos estudados, exercendo um impacto significativo na qualidade de vida relacionada com a sua saúde oral. Estes resultados reforçam a necessidade de diagnóstico precoce, acompanhamento multidisciplinar e implementação de estratégias preventivas dirigidas à população geriátrica com Diabetes Mellitus.
Introduction: Xerostomy is a common condition among the geriatric population, particularly in individuals with Diabetes Mellitus, and may <br/>compromise essential functions such as mastication, swallowing, speech, and protection of oral tissues. Its association with polypharmacy and various systemic diseases makes it an important public health issue that is often underestimated in the care of older adults. Objectives: To evaluate the prevalence of xerostomia in older adults with Diabetes Mellitus and identify possible associated risk factors, namely polypharmacy, denture use, systemic diseases, as well as assessing theirimpact on oral health-related quality of life. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional observational study was conducted involving 77 older adults diagnosed with Diabetes Mellitus from different institutions and the Universidade Católica Portuguesa – Viseu. Data collection included a sociodemographic questionnaire, clinical information, assessment of polypharmacy, systemic diseases, and the use of dental prostheses. Xerostomia was assessed using the Xerostomy Inventory (XI), and oral health-related quality <br/>of life was evaluated using the Oral Health Impact Profile (OHIP-14). Statistical analysis was performed using IBM SPSS Statistics. Results: The sample consisted of 77 older adults with Diabetes Mellitus, with a mean age of 81 years. A high prevalence of xerostomia was observed, with mild <br/>(28.6%) and moderate (26.0%) forms being the most frequent, although 29.9% of participants presented severe or constant xerostomia. A high frequency of polypharmacy, hypertension, dyslipidemia, and cardiovascular diseases was also observed. No statistically significant association was found between xerostomia and polypharmacy, denture use, or specific systemic diseases. However, a statistically significant association was identified between xerostomia and deterioration of oral health-related quality of life (p<0.001). Discussion: The results suggest a tendency towards greater xerostomia severity among polypharmacy users and individuals with multiple chronic conditions. Despite the absence of statistical significance in several of the associations analysed, the findings are consistent with the existing literature, which identifies polypharmacy as a potential contributing factor to the development of xerostomia. Conclusion: Xerostomia proved to be highly prevalent among the diabetic <br/>older adults included in this study, exerting a significant impact on oral health related quality of life. These findings reinforce the need for early diagnosis, multidisciplinary follow-up, and the implementation of preventive strategies aimed at the geriatric population with Diabetes Mellitus.
Introduction: Xerostomy is a common condition among the geriatric population, particularly in individuals with Diabetes Mellitus, and may <br/>compromise essential functions such as mastication, swallowing, speech, and protection of oral tissues. Its association with polypharmacy and various systemic diseases makes it an important public health issue that is often underestimated in the care of older adults. Objectives: To evaluate the prevalence of xerostomia in older adults with Diabetes Mellitus and identify possible associated risk factors, namely polypharmacy, denture use, systemic diseases, as well as assessing theirimpact on oral health-related quality of life. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional observational study was conducted involving 77 older adults diagnosed with Diabetes Mellitus from different institutions and the Universidade Católica Portuguesa – Viseu. Data collection included a sociodemographic questionnaire, clinical information, assessment of polypharmacy, systemic diseases, and the use of dental prostheses. Xerostomia was assessed using the Xerostomy Inventory (XI), and oral health-related quality <br/>of life was evaluated using the Oral Health Impact Profile (OHIP-14). Statistical analysis was performed using IBM SPSS Statistics. Results: The sample consisted of 77 older adults with Diabetes Mellitus, with a mean age of 81 years. A high prevalence of xerostomia was observed, with mild <br/>(28.6%) and moderate (26.0%) forms being the most frequent, although 29.9% of participants presented severe or constant xerostomia. A high frequency of polypharmacy, hypertension, dyslipidemia, and cardiovascular diseases was also observed. No statistically significant association was found between xerostomia and polypharmacy, denture use, or specific systemic diseases. However, a statistically significant association was identified between xerostomia and deterioration of oral health-related quality of life (p<0.001). Discussion: The results suggest a tendency towards greater xerostomia severity among polypharmacy users and individuals with multiple chronic conditions. Despite the absence of statistical significance in several of the associations analysed, the findings are consistent with the existing literature, which identifies polypharmacy as a potential contributing factor to the development of xerostomia. Conclusion: Xerostomia proved to be highly prevalent among the diabetic <br/>older adults included in this study, exerting a significant impact on oral health related quality of life. These findings reinforce the need for early diagnosis, multidisciplinary follow-up, and the implementation of preventive strategies aimed at the geriatric population with Diabetes Mellitus.
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Xerostomia Diabetes Mellitus Idosos Polimedicação Qualidade de vida Xerostomy Older adults Polypharmacy Quality of life
Contexto Educativo
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Licença CC
Sem licença CC