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O objetivo deste estudo foca-se nos sintomas de depressão e ansiedade em
mulheres vítimas de violência pelo parceiro íntimo (VPI), analisando as relações entre
os tipos de violência, a perda de recursos e a autoestima e o seu impacto nos sintomas
de depressão e ansiedade. Trata-se de um estudo quantitativo, com desenho transversal,
descritivo e analítico, com recurso a uma amostra de 104 mulheres vítimas de violência
pelo parceiro íntimo e 129 mulheres não vítimas. Os dados foram recolhidos no Núcleo
de Investigação e de Apoio a Vítimas Específicas através da aplicação dos seguintes
instrumentos de autopreenchimento: Questionário Sociodemográfico; Escalas Táticas de
Conflito Revisadas 2 (CTS-2); Inventário de Sintomas Psicopatológicos (BSI);
Questionário da Conservação de Recursos (COR-E); e Escala da Autoestima (SES).
Verificou-se que as mulheres vítimas de VPI apresentaram maior perda de recursos do
que as mulheres não vítimas. Verificaram-se, também, diferenças estatisticamente
significativas entre mulheres vítimas e não vítimas de VPI quanto à autoestima, em que
as mulheres vítimas de VPI apresentaram valores mais baixos de autoestima. As
mulheres vítimas de VPI apresentaram valores mais elevados tanto na sintomatologia
depressiva quanto na sintomatologia ansiosa, comparativamente com as mulheres não
vítimas. Verificaram-se relações estatisticamente significativas positivas entre os
sintomas de depressão e ansiedade e as diversas dimensões da VPI. Obtiveram-se
relações estatisticamente significativas positivas entre os sintomas de depressão e
ansiedade e a perda de recursos nas suas várias dimensões. A autoestima apresentou
correlações estatisticamente significativas negativas com os sintomas de depressão e
ansiedade. Apurou-se que ter um nível de escolaridade mais baixo, ser vítima de
agressão psicológica e de coerção sexual, experienciar perda de recursos sociais e ter
menores níveis de autoestima são fatores que predizem os sintomas de depressão e
ansiedade nas mulheres. Habitar em zonas rurais é um preditor dos sintomas de
depressão nas mulheres. Apresentar perda de recursos de saúde e ser mais jovem prediz
os sintomas de ansiedade nas mulheres.
The objective of this study is to focus on depression and anxiety in women who suffer violence caused by an intimate partner, analyzing how relationships between types of violence, loss of resources and self-esteem and their impact on depression and anxiety. It is a quantitative study, with a cross-sectional, descriptive and analytical design, using a sample of 104 women victims of violence by their intimate partner and 129 non-victim women. The data was collected at the Núcleo de Investigação e de Apoio a Vítimas Específicas through the application of the following self-completed instruments: Sociodemographic Questionnaire; Revised Tactical Conflict Scales 2 (CTS-2); Inventory of Psychopathological Symptoms (BSI); Conservation of Resources -Evaluation Questionnaire (COR-E); Self-Esteem Scale (SES). It was found that women victims of IPV had a greater loss of resources than women who were not victims. There were also statistically significant differences between women victims and non-victims of IPV in terms of self-esteem, in which women victims of IPV had lower self-esteem values. Women victims of IPV presented higher values in both depressive symptoms and anxious symptoms, compared to non-victims. There were statistically significant positive relationships between symptoms of depression and anxiety and the different dimensions of IPV. Statistically significant positive relationships were obtained between symptoms of depression and anxiety and loss of resources in its various dimensions. Self-esteem showed statistically significant negative correlations with symptoms of depression and anxiety. It was found that having a lower level of education, being a victim of psychological aggression and sexual coercion, experiencing loss of social resources and having lower levels of self-esteem are factors that predict symptoms of depression and anxiety in women. Living in rural areas is a predictor of depression symptoms in women. Having a loss of health resources and being younger predicts anxiety symptoms in women.
The objective of this study is to focus on depression and anxiety in women who suffer violence caused by an intimate partner, analyzing how relationships between types of violence, loss of resources and self-esteem and their impact on depression and anxiety. It is a quantitative study, with a cross-sectional, descriptive and analytical design, using a sample of 104 women victims of violence by their intimate partner and 129 non-victim women. The data was collected at the Núcleo de Investigação e de Apoio a Vítimas Específicas through the application of the following self-completed instruments: Sociodemographic Questionnaire; Revised Tactical Conflict Scales 2 (CTS-2); Inventory of Psychopathological Symptoms (BSI); Conservation of Resources -Evaluation Questionnaire (COR-E); Self-Esteem Scale (SES). It was found that women victims of IPV had a greater loss of resources than women who were not victims. There were also statistically significant differences between women victims and non-victims of IPV in terms of self-esteem, in which women victims of IPV had lower self-esteem values. Women victims of IPV presented higher values in both depressive symptoms and anxious symptoms, compared to non-victims. There were statistically significant positive relationships between symptoms of depression and anxiety and the different dimensions of IPV. Statistically significant positive relationships were obtained between symptoms of depression and anxiety and loss of resources in its various dimensions. Self-esteem showed statistically significant negative correlations with symptoms of depression and anxiety. It was found that having a lower level of education, being a victim of psychological aggression and sexual coercion, experiencing loss of social resources and having lower levels of self-esteem are factors that predict symptoms of depression and anxiety in women. Living in rural areas is a predictor of depression symptoms in women. Having a loss of health resources and being younger predicts anxiety symptoms in women.
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Violência pelo parceiro íntimo Tipos de abuso Perda de recursos Autoestima Morbilidade psicológica Intimate partner violence Types of abuse Loss of resources Self-esteem Psychological morbidity