Loading...
Publication
A possibilidade de criminalização da coação sexual e da violências praticadas com negligência
| Name: | Description: | Size: | Format: | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 552.37 KB | Adobe PDF |
Authors
Abstract(s)
A presente dissertação visa explorar a possibilidade de criminalização da coação sexual e da violação praticadas a título de negligência. Tendo em vista uma compreensão aprofundada deste tema, traçarei a evolução do bem jurídico violado nos crimes sexuais, concretizando-o, bem como a evolução dos artigos 163.º e 164.º do Código Penal, que tipificam, respetivamente, os crimes de coação sexual e violação, desde a sua consagração na lei penal até à atualidade, destacando a Revisão de 2019 do presente Código. Esta alteração legislativa introduziu, nos artigos supramencionados, um modelo do dissentimento, complementado pela definição de vontade cognoscível da vítima, expressão de inspiração alemã. A cognoscibilidade da vontade da vítima é concretizada com base no critério da “pessoa média” colocada nas circunstâncias concretas do agente – interpretação objetiva desta expressão que não acautela situações em que esta vontade não era reconhecível para uma pessoa razoável e cuidadosa, sendo apenas cognoscível para o agente. Ademais, estando perante crimes dolosos, encontram-se excluídos do âmbito de punição os casos em que a recusa da vítima para a prática sexual era cognoscível para uma “pessoa média”, não tendo, no entanto, sido reconhecida pelo agente, que concretamente dela não se apercebeu. Apesar de esta conduta negligente do agente lesar inequivocamente a liberdade e autodeterminação sexual da vítima deste ato – direito constitucionalmente consagrado nos artigos 25.º e 26.º e tutelado pelos artigos 163.º e 164.º do Código Penal –, o agente sai impune. Defendo, assim, a futura criminalização das condutas de coação sexual e violação praticadas com negligência para uma efetiva proteção da liberdade e autodeterminação sexual de todas as vítimas.
This dissertation aims to explore the possibility of criminalizing sexual coercion and rape committed through negligence. In order to gain a deeper understanding of this subject, I will examine the evolution of the legal interest harmed by negligent conduct, defining it, as well as the evolution of Articles 163 and 164 of the Penal Code, which respectively criminalize sexual coercion and rape, from their introduction into criminal law to the present day, highlighting the 2019 revision of this Code. This legislative amendment established, in the aforementioned articles, a model of dissent complemented by the definition of the victim’s recognizable will, an expression inspired by German law. The recognizability of the victim's will is determined based on the average person standard, placed within the concrete circumstances of the agent – an objective interpretation of this term that does not account for situations in which the will was not recognizable to an average person, but was only perceivable to the agent. Furthermore, considering these are intentional crimes, it excludes from the scope of punishment instances where the victim’s refusal was recognizable to an average person, but the agent failed to recognize it. Even though the negligent conduct of the agent undeniably harms the sexual freedom and self-determination of the victim – a constitutional right established in Articles 25 and 26, protected by Articles 163 and 164 of the Penal Code – the agent does not face any punishment under the current framework. I hereby advocate for the future criminalization of sexual coercion and rape committed with negligence, in order to provide effective protection for the sexual freedom and self-determination of all victims.
This dissertation aims to explore the possibility of criminalizing sexual coercion and rape committed through negligence. In order to gain a deeper understanding of this subject, I will examine the evolution of the legal interest harmed by negligent conduct, defining it, as well as the evolution of Articles 163 and 164 of the Penal Code, which respectively criminalize sexual coercion and rape, from their introduction into criminal law to the present day, highlighting the 2019 revision of this Code. This legislative amendment established, in the aforementioned articles, a model of dissent complemented by the definition of the victim’s recognizable will, an expression inspired by German law. The recognizability of the victim's will is determined based on the average person standard, placed within the concrete circumstances of the agent – an objective interpretation of this term that does not account for situations in which the will was not recognizable to an average person, but was only perceivable to the agent. Furthermore, considering these are intentional crimes, it excludes from the scope of punishment instances where the victim’s refusal was recognizable to an average person, but the agent failed to recognize it. Even though the negligent conduct of the agent undeniably harms the sexual freedom and self-determination of the victim – a constitutional right established in Articles 25 and 26, protected by Articles 163 and 164 of the Penal Code – the agent does not face any punishment under the current framework. I hereby advocate for the future criminalization of sexual coercion and rape committed with negligence, in order to provide effective protection for the sexual freedom and self-determination of all victims.
Description
Keywords
Coação sexual Cognoscibilidade Consentimento Constrangimento Dissentimento Dolo Negligência Violação Vontade da vítima Sexual coercion Recognizability Consent Coercion Dissent Criminal intent Negligence Rape Victim's will
Pedagogical Context
Citation
Publisher
CC License
Without CC licence