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O poeta Marcial é uma das mais notórias fontes sobre a alimentação do seu tempo, nomeadamente a propósito do quanto pesava nas relações sociais e na própria expressão literária. Os seus incisivos versos, mesmo parecendo algo triviais e até grotescos, revelam que, no contexto política e socialmente novedoso do primeiro século do Império, cenare quomodo rex (Petrónio, Satyricon, 38) implicava, acima de tudo, consumir carne de javali. Esta iguaria transportava em si múltiplos sentidos: símbolo de Marte e atestado de valentia do caçador, protagonista de episódios mitológicos marcantes e repetidamente recriados na arena, o aper exemplificava o novo tipo de status, conquistado através da riqueza. De facto, era quase tão oneroso obtê-lo quanto prepará-lo, o que intensificava um sabor per se delicioso, convertendo-o num chamariz para aficionados e num meio de concretizar propósitos interesseiros. O javali era um símbolo da desigualdade social que tanto incomodava Marcial, preso a um sistema de clientela, cansativo e humilhante, que subvertera as relações e as virtudes tradicionais. O simbolismo mitológico do animal permite ao poeta alusões eruditas que remetem para a tradição épica, integrando-o num bestiário que ultrapassa a dimensão satírica para representar a fragilidade que caracteriza o ser humano.
The poet Martial is one of the most notorious sources on the food of his time, namely on how much it weighed on social relations and literary expression itself. His mordant verses, though seemingly a bit trivial and even grotesque, reveal that, in the politically and socially new context of the first century of the Empire, cenare quomodo rex (Petronius, Satyricon, 38) implied, above all, eating wild boar meat. This delicacy carried multiple meanings: symbol of Mars and proof of the hunter's valour, star of remarkable mythological tale repeatedly recreated in the arena, the aper exemplified the new type of status, conquered through wealth. In fact, it was almost as costly to obtain as to prepare it, which intensified a taste per se delicious, making it a decoy for fans and a means of fulfilling self-serving purposes. The boar was a symbol of the social inequality that troubled Martial, stuck to the tiring and humiliating clientela system that had subverted traditional relationships and virtues. The beast’s mythological symbolism allows the poet erudite allusions that refer to the epic tradition, integrating it in a bestiary that goes beyond the satirical dimension to represent the fragility that characterizes the human being.
The poet Martial is one of the most notorious sources on the food of his time, namely on how much it weighed on social relations and literary expression itself. His mordant verses, though seemingly a bit trivial and even grotesque, reveal that, in the politically and socially new context of the first century of the Empire, cenare quomodo rex (Petronius, Satyricon, 38) implied, above all, eating wild boar meat. This delicacy carried multiple meanings: symbol of Mars and proof of the hunter's valour, star of remarkable mythological tale repeatedly recreated in the arena, the aper exemplified the new type of status, conquered through wealth. In fact, it was almost as costly to obtain as to prepare it, which intensified a taste per se delicious, making it a decoy for fans and a means of fulfilling self-serving purposes. The boar was a symbol of the social inequality that troubled Martial, stuck to the tiring and humiliating clientela system that had subverted traditional relationships and virtues. The beast’s mythological symbolism allows the poet erudite allusions that refer to the epic tradition, integrating it in a bestiary that goes beyond the satirical dimension to represent the fragility that characterizes the human being.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Roma imperial Javali Marcial Luxus Clientela Sátira social e literária Imperial Rome Boar Martial Clientele Social and literary satire
Contexto Educativo
Citação
Editora
Imprensa da Universidade de Coimbra