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Esta tese tem por objeto a análise do regime jurídico da permuta de partes sociais no ordenamento português, a partir de uma abordagem integrada entre o Direito Comercial e o Direito Fiscal. Parte-se do enquadramento societário da operação, com especial realce das exigências associadas à intangibilidade e à correta formação do capital social, enquanto pilares fundamentais de tutela dos credores e de estabilidade das estruturas societárias. Paralelamente, procede-se ao exame do respetivo regime fiscal, incidindo sobre os pressupostos de aplicação da neutralidade fiscal e, em particular, sobre os requisitos que condicionam o diferimento da tributação das mais-valias inerentes à operação. A análise desenvolvida procura evidenciar a articulação — nem sempre isenta de tensões — entre estas duas dimensões normativas, confrontando a lógica de proteção do capital social com a racionalidade subjacente ao regime de neutralidade fiscal. Neste contexto, problematiza-se a compatibilidade entre os objetivos de salvaguarda societária e os mecanismos fiscais de diferimento, identificando convergências, divergências e eventuais insuficiências do quadro jurídico vigente. O estudo visa, assim, contribuir para uma compreensão crítica da coerência do sistema, bem como para a identificação de desafios interpretativos relevantes no âmbito da permuta de partes sociais.
This thesis examines the legal framework governing the exchange of shareholdings under Portuguese law, adopting an integrated approach that brings together Corporate and Tax Law perspectives. It begins by addressing the corporate law dimension of the transaction, with particular emphasis on the requirements related to the protection of share capital, namely the principles of capital maintenance and proper capital formation, as fundamental safeguards for creditors and the stability of corporate structures. In parallel, it analyses the corresponding tax regime, focusing on the conditions for the application of tax neutrality, particularly the legal requirements that allow for the deferral of taxation on capital gains arising from such transactions. The analysis seeks to highlight the interplay — not without tensions — between these two normative dimensions, confronting the logic of capital protection with the rationale underlying the tax neutrality regime. In this context, it explores the compatibility between corporate law safeguards and tax deferral mechanisms, identifying convergences, divergences, and potential shortcomings within the existing legal framework. The study thus aims to contribute to a critical understanding of the coherence of the system, as well as to the identification of relevant interpretative challenges in the context of share exchanges.
This thesis examines the legal framework governing the exchange of shareholdings under Portuguese law, adopting an integrated approach that brings together Corporate and Tax Law perspectives. It begins by addressing the corporate law dimension of the transaction, with particular emphasis on the requirements related to the protection of share capital, namely the principles of capital maintenance and proper capital formation, as fundamental safeguards for creditors and the stability of corporate structures. In parallel, it analyses the corresponding tax regime, focusing on the conditions for the application of tax neutrality, particularly the legal requirements that allow for the deferral of taxation on capital gains arising from such transactions. The analysis seeks to highlight the interplay — not without tensions — between these two normative dimensions, confronting the logic of capital protection with the rationale underlying the tax neutrality regime. In this context, it explores the compatibility between corporate law safeguards and tax deferral mechanisms, identifying convergences, divergences, and potential shortcomings within the existing legal framework. The study thus aims to contribute to a critical understanding of the coherence of the system, as well as to the identification of relevant interpretative challenges in the context of share exchanges.
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Permuta de partes sociais Direito da sociedades Direito fiscal Neutralidade fiscal Intangibilidade do capital social Formação do capital social Diferimento da tributação Mais-valias Reestruturação empresarial Ordenamento jurídico português Share exchange Corporate law Tax law Tax neutrality Capital maintenance Capital formation Deferral of taxation Capital gains Corporate restructuring Portuguese legal system
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Licença CC
Sem licença CC
