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A utilização de uma técnica tão avançada e cuja fiabilidade é muito superior a outros meios de prova, fazem do exame de ADN um método que deve ser potencializado no sistema jurídico português. Tendo em conta interesses de celeridade processual, verdade material, proporcionalidade e necessidade, este deve ser o caminho a percorrer para a resolução de casos que se mostrem duvidosos na justiça. A sua aplicação em Direito Civil é bastante importante mas mais ainda no Direito Processual Penal. Um instrumento que seja tão rico em benefícios como este deve ser encarado como uma prioridade, mas que comporta alguns problemas. Problemas esses, na sua maioria, relacionados com ética ou confronto com direitos fundamentais. Tem, deste modo, de ser compreendido o âmbito de aplicação desta base de perfis genéticos, tentando minimizar ao máximo os riscos decorrentes de um estudo tão intrusivo como este. Noções básicas de conceitos acerca de um tema tão complexo , potencialidades a nível clínico e jurídico e ainda os benefícios e contras desta utilização vão ser explorados ao longo desta dissertação. O papel do ADN numa sociedade desenvolvida como a nossa não pode deixar de ser opção, principalmente ao nível jurídico, para uma eficaz resposta da justiça em casos cujos outros meios de prova se mostrem insuficientes. Não podemos deixar nunca de lado toda a controvérsia gerada em torno dos direitos fundamentais aqui em causa, tentando estabelecer um equilíbrio sustentável entre a verdade material e a autodeterminação em relação a informações de cada indivíduo.
The existence of an advanced technique such as DNA analysis, which viability is far superior compared to any other means of proof, appeals for the standardisation of these methods-based examinations in the Portuguese legal system. Prioritising the interest of process celerity, material truth, proportionality and need, this is the road to follow in order to resolve cases that appear to show significant doubt on the eyes of justice. The application of such methods are of extreme relevance on Civil Law, but of paramount importance on criminal procedural law. This is a tool that brings clear benefits to the system, and as such, its promotion should be faced as a priority. Its isn’t however flawless, bringing to light some other problems, especially regarding ethical or basic rights opposition. All of this data-base range of applications should be understood and restricted, if such assumptions of privacy invasion and rights violations are to be addressed. Basic concepts regarding such complex issue, both medically and legally, and also the advantages and disadvantages will be explored throughout this dissertation. The role of DNA analysis in a developed society can only be an option, specially when it makes such a difference legally in complicated cases whose other evidences are insufficient. On other hand, we can never put aside or forget the claims regarding the fundamental rights disrespect, the goal being to establish a sustainable balance between material fact and self-determination in relation to information of each individual
The existence of an advanced technique such as DNA analysis, which viability is far superior compared to any other means of proof, appeals for the standardisation of these methods-based examinations in the Portuguese legal system. Prioritising the interest of process celerity, material truth, proportionality and need, this is the road to follow in order to resolve cases that appear to show significant doubt on the eyes of justice. The application of such methods are of extreme relevance on Civil Law, but of paramount importance on criminal procedural law. This is a tool that brings clear benefits to the system, and as such, its promotion should be faced as a priority. Its isn’t however flawless, bringing to light some other problems, especially regarding ethical or basic rights opposition. All of this data-base range of applications should be understood and restricted, if such assumptions of privacy invasion and rights violations are to be addressed. Basic concepts regarding such complex issue, both medically and legally, and also the advantages and disadvantages will be explored throughout this dissertation. The role of DNA analysis in a developed society can only be an option, specially when it makes such a difference legally in complicated cases whose other evidences are insufficient. On other hand, we can never put aside or forget the claims regarding the fundamental rights disrespect, the goal being to establish a sustainable balance between material fact and self-determination in relation to information of each individual