A carregar...
Publicação
Guerra híbrida vs Gibridnaya Voyna : o conflito na Ucrânia
| Nome: | Descrição: | Tamanho: | Formato: | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 738.11 KB | Adobe PDF |
Orientador(es)
Resumo(s)
Nas últimas décadas têm sido debatidas as alterações que a guerra
contemporânea tem sofrido. O objetivo da presente dissertação é realizar uma análise
ao conceito daquilo que muitos teorizadores designam por Guerra Híbrida russa.
A Guerra Híbrida é um conceito que ganhou expressão com os acontecimentos
na Ucrânia em 2014, em que a Rússia desenvolveu ações sincronizadas, recorrendo
a diversos instrumentos de poder, de forma a explorar as vulnerabilidades dos seus
adversários e a alcançar os seus objetivos políticos.
O conceito de Guerra Híbrida tem sido fortemente politizado, tanto no Ocidente
como na Rússia. O conceito, que serviu inicialmente para explicar a natureza dos
conflitos contemporâneos, foi militarizado, tornando-se numa ferramenta de poder
para influenciar o domínio financeiro, político e a perceção pública tanto na Rússia
como no Ocidente e na disputa entre os dois.
Esta “nova” Guerra engloba Estados falhados e atores não-estatais, apoiados
por Estados que exploram diversas valências, empregando uma diversificada
combinação de guerra e táticas em simultâneo. É importante entender as
características da mudança, a sua natureza, a sua relação e a sua história para uma
compreensão efetiva do fenómeno.
Iremos analisar com maior profundidade o pensamento e o modelo de Guerra
Híbrida perpetrada pela Rússia, também conhecida por Gibridnaya Voyna, na
anexação da Crimeia e a intervenção no leste da Ucrânia, em 2014.
Após a invasão da Crimeia por parte de Moscovo e o apoio a insurgentes no
Leste ucraniano, o conceito de Guerra Híbrida serviu para descrever a nova ameaça
russa à segurança ocidental. O conceito em si – uma mescla de táticas convencionais
e não regulares para atingir objetivos políticos e militares – não é uma novidade. Por
outro lado, também os estrategas russos referem como híbridas as ações norteamericanas para enfraquecer e derrubar governos hostis, em particular os governos
russos, com recurso a diversos meios abertos e dissimulados.
In recent decades, the changes that contemporary war has undergone have been debated. The aim of this dissertation is to perform an analysis of the concept of what many theorizers call Hybrid Warfare. Hybrid Warfare is a concept that gained expression with the events in Ukraine in 2014, in which Russia developed synchronized actions, using various instruments of power, to exploit the vulnerabilities of its opponents and achieve its political objectives. The concept of Hybrid Warfare has been heavily politicized in both the West and Russia. The concept, which initially explained the nature of contemporary conflicts, was militarized, becoming a power tool to influence the financial, political, and public perception in both Russia and the West and the dispute between the two. This "new" war encompasses failed states and non-state actors, supported by states that exploit various means, employing a diverse combination of war and tactics simultaneously. It is important to understand the characteristics of change, its nature, its relationship, and its history for an effective understanding of the phenomenon. We will take a deeper look at the thinking and model of Hybrid Warfare perpetrated by Russia, also known as Gibridnaya Voyna, on the annexation of Crimea and the intervention in eastern Ukraine in 2014. After Moscow's invasion of Crimea and support for insurgents in Eastern Ukraine, the concept of Hybrid Warfare served to describe Russia’s new threat to Western security. The concept itself – a mixture of conventional and non-regular tactics to achieve political and military objectives – is not new. On the other hand, Russian strategists also refer to US actions, to weaken and overthrow hostile governments, in particular Russian governments, as hybrid, using various overt and covert means.
In recent decades, the changes that contemporary war has undergone have been debated. The aim of this dissertation is to perform an analysis of the concept of what many theorizers call Hybrid Warfare. Hybrid Warfare is a concept that gained expression with the events in Ukraine in 2014, in which Russia developed synchronized actions, using various instruments of power, to exploit the vulnerabilities of its opponents and achieve its political objectives. The concept of Hybrid Warfare has been heavily politicized in both the West and Russia. The concept, which initially explained the nature of contemporary conflicts, was militarized, becoming a power tool to influence the financial, political, and public perception in both Russia and the West and the dispute between the two. This "new" war encompasses failed states and non-state actors, supported by states that exploit various means, employing a diverse combination of war and tactics simultaneously. It is important to understand the characteristics of change, its nature, its relationship, and its history for an effective understanding of the phenomenon. We will take a deeper look at the thinking and model of Hybrid Warfare perpetrated by Russia, also known as Gibridnaya Voyna, on the annexation of Crimea and the intervention in eastern Ukraine in 2014. After Moscow's invasion of Crimea and support for insurgents in Eastern Ukraine, the concept of Hybrid Warfare served to describe Russia’s new threat to Western security. The concept itself – a mixture of conventional and non-regular tactics to achieve political and military objectives – is not new. On the other hand, Russian strategists also refer to US actions, to weaken and overthrow hostile governments, in particular Russian governments, as hybrid, using various overt and covert means.