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O enfermeiro, independentemente da sua área de intervenção, defronta-se, a cada
momento, com problemas éticos que impõem decisões adequadas às normas e valores do
seu exercício profissional. No entanto, nem sempre é fácil, dado vivermos na era onde a
ciência, a técnica, de forma contínua nos confrontam com transformações e transições nas
práticas profissionais, politicas e educacionais, que directamente acarreta implicações não
só na vida do Homem, na sociedade, e na humanidade em geral e, estas acções têm no seu
cerne a acção humana.
Reconhecendo que a formação em enfermagem integra um processo educativo, não
apenas de conhecimentos científicos e de desenvolvimento de técnicas, práticas e atitudes
inerentes à profissão, mas também de competências de domínio ético, de modo que
promovam uma formação de saber antropológico que valorize uma filosofia humanística
dos cuidados de enfermagem, propomo-nos enfrentar o desafio de conhecer os significados
atribuídos pelos enfermeiros quando cuidam da pessoa e do seu corpo. Esperamos fornecer
um contributo para abolir possíveis lacunas que estarão na base desta realidade e construir
um guia de aspectos (bio)éticos que pensamos serem os mais importantes na formação
académica ao longo da vida dos enfermeiros e que conduzam a uma intervenção
humanizante à pessoa doente e ao seu corpo.
Para a compreensão da cultura do cuidar humanizante da enfermagem utilizou-se
uma abordagem qualitativa com recurso ao método exploratório e descritivo recorrendo-se
à entrevista para a colheita de dados. Os dados foram analisados segundo a análise temática de conteúdo, que segundo Bardin apresenta as seguintes etapas: pré-análise,
exploração do material, tratamento dos resultados e interpretações1.
Os resultados obtidos sugerem que o processo de acções e interacções dos
enfermeiros na resposta ao cuidar da pessoa e do seu corpo assenta em dois paradigmas de
intervenção que co-existem nos cuidados hospitalares. Uns enfermeiros desenvolvem
intervenções centradas na pessoa privilegiando as várias dimensões da pessoa, outros
desenvolvem mais as suas intervenções centradas na patologia. Contudo evidencia-se uma
evolução progressiva para um cuidar mais próximo.
As dinâmicas utilizadas pelos enfermeiros no cuidar da pessoa e do seu corpo,
expressam a atribuição de significados à pessoa e ao seu corpo e como estes orientam o
cuidado. Sobressai deste estudo que a actuação dos profissionais de saúde, nomeadamente
dos enfermeiros e a envolvência dos serviços de saúde do contexto hospitalar, pela relação
de proximidade que têm com a pessoa doente, constitui-se como uma pedra basilar no agir
ético. Também podemos dizer que da análise deste estudo a formação académica ao longo
da vida (nomeadamente dos enfermeiros) deve assentar em pilares que sensibilize e que
consciencialize e desenvolva o sentido de responsabilidade nos (futuros) enfermeiros. É
este saber com sentido que permite edificar uma intervenção diferenciada e personalizada,
garantindo “Cuidados Humanizados”.
Nurses, regardless of their area of intervention, are constantly confronted with ethical problems requiring appropriate decisions with good standards and values of their professional practice. However, this is not always easy as we live in the age of science and technology, where we are continuously faced with changes and transitions in political, educational and professional practices, which directly inflicts implications not only in peoples’ lives but also in society and humanity; in general these actions have at its heart human action. It is recognized that nursing education integrates an educational process, not only of scientific knowledge and the development of skills, attitudes and inherited practices to the profession, but also the skills of ethical realm. In order to promote a training of anthropological knowledge that values a humanistic philosophy of nursing, we propose to tackle the challenge of knowing the meanings attributed by nurses when caring for individuals and their bodies. We hope to provide a contribution to abolish possible gaps that underlie this reality, and build a guide to (bio) ethical aspects which we think are the most important in academic training throughout the life of a nurse, and to lead to a humanizing intervention/ mediation with the sick person and his body. To understand the culture of humane nursing care, a qualitative approach using exploratory and descriptive methods was used, resorting to interviewing for data collection. The data was analyzed according to thematic content analysis, which according to Bardin presents the following steps: pre-analysis, material exploration, processing, and interpretation of results. The results suggest that the process of nurses’ actions and interactions, in response to the person and how they take care of their body is based on two paradigms of intervention that co-exist in hospital care. Some nurses develop a person-centered intervention favoring the various dimensions of the person; others develop their interventions focusing more on pathology. All in all, these show a progressive evolution towards closer care. The dynamics used by nurses, in the care of the patients and their bodies, express the attribution of meaning to the patient and their body and how they guide the care. The study shows that the performance of health professionals, in particular the involvement of nurses and the hospital health services, which have a close relationship with the patient, constitutes itself as a cornerstone of ethical behavior. We can also say that from our academic training analysis, throughout life (particularly nurses) we must have a firm foundation which sensitizes, develops consciousness and a sense of responsibility in (future) nurses. It’s this sense of knowledge that allows us to build a meaningful, differentiated and personalized intervention, ensuring "humane care”.
Nurses, regardless of their area of intervention, are constantly confronted with ethical problems requiring appropriate decisions with good standards and values of their professional practice. However, this is not always easy as we live in the age of science and technology, where we are continuously faced with changes and transitions in political, educational and professional practices, which directly inflicts implications not only in peoples’ lives but also in society and humanity; in general these actions have at its heart human action. It is recognized that nursing education integrates an educational process, not only of scientific knowledge and the development of skills, attitudes and inherited practices to the profession, but also the skills of ethical realm. In order to promote a training of anthropological knowledge that values a humanistic philosophy of nursing, we propose to tackle the challenge of knowing the meanings attributed by nurses when caring for individuals and their bodies. We hope to provide a contribution to abolish possible gaps that underlie this reality, and build a guide to (bio) ethical aspects which we think are the most important in academic training throughout the life of a nurse, and to lead to a humanizing intervention/ mediation with the sick person and his body. To understand the culture of humane nursing care, a qualitative approach using exploratory and descriptive methods was used, resorting to interviewing for data collection. The data was analyzed according to thematic content analysis, which according to Bardin presents the following steps: pre-analysis, material exploration, processing, and interpretation of results. The results suggest that the process of nurses’ actions and interactions, in response to the person and how they take care of their body is based on two paradigms of intervention that co-exist in hospital care. Some nurses develop a person-centered intervention favoring the various dimensions of the person; others develop their interventions focusing more on pathology. All in all, these show a progressive evolution towards closer care. The dynamics used by nurses, in the care of the patients and their bodies, express the attribution of meaning to the patient and their body and how they guide the care. The study shows that the performance of health professionals, in particular the involvement of nurses and the hospital health services, which have a close relationship with the patient, constitutes itself as a cornerstone of ethical behavior. We can also say that from our academic training analysis, throughout life (particularly nurses) we must have a firm foundation which sensitizes, develops consciousness and a sense of responsibility in (future) nurses. It’s this sense of knowledge that allows us to build a meaningful, differentiated and personalized intervention, ensuring "humane care”.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Bioética Enfermeiro Pessoa Corpo e cuidar Bioethics Nurse Person/individual Body and take care