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- Collagen-based bioactive bromelain hydrolysate from salt-cured cod skinPublication . Coscueta, Ezequiel R.; Brassesco, Maria Emilia; Pintado, ManuelaConsiderable amounts of fish processing by-products are discarded each year. About 30% of this material may be skin and bone. Fish skin has more than 80% of its total protein content as collagen. Furthermore, in recent years, there has been a growing demand for collagen-based peptides due to their beneficial health effects. So, the objective of the present study was to optimise the obtaining bioactive hydrolysates from salt-cured cod skin using the protease Bromelain at 0.5% (w/w) concentration. This study developed a sustainable process that consumes less time and energy and uses an alternative source as raw material. In addition, bromelain allows hydrolysates with important antioxidant (ORAC, 514 μmol Trolox Equivalent/g protein) and antihypertensive activities (inhibition of ACE, IC50 of 166 μg protein/mL) as well as excellent biocompatibility with dermal and subcutaneous cells.
- Bioactive extracts from brewer's spent grainPublication . Bonifácio-Lopes, Teresa; Boas, Ana Vilas; Coscueta, Ezequiel R.; Costa, Eduardo M.; Silva, Sara; Campos, Débora; Teixeira, José A.; Pintado, ManuelaIn this study antioxidant-rich extracts from brewer’s spent grain (BSG) extracted with solid-to-liquid extraction using different solvents water and ethanol and their mixtures at two ratios (80% ethanol:water (v/v) and 60% ethanol:water (v/v)) were characterized. Nutritional composition was evaluated for the extracts and for the solid residues obtained after extraction. Additionally, the extracts were analyzed for the total phenolic content and individual phenolic compounds and related biological properties including antioxidant capacity (ABTS; ORAC and DNA protection), antihypertensive capacity, antibacterial activity and antibiofilm capacity. Safety was also demonstrated through genotoxicity and cytotoxicity tests. The results obtained showed that while all the extracts exhibited high antioxidant capacity (except ethanolic extract), the highest values were obtained for the 60% ethanol:water extract. The identification of phenolic compounds using HPLC showed that catechin and vanillin were the main compounds identified with the highest concentration being obtained for 60% ethanol:water extraction. In the biological activity assays water and hydroethanolic extracts showed to be multifunctional (antioxidant and antihypertensive capacity, antibacterial and antibiofilm activity), the 80% ethanol:water presented better results in some assays. All were non-genotoxic, but the cytotoxicity was dependent on the extract concentration, with complete safe application for all up to 1 mg/mL. Therefore, this study shows the potential of a viable green solvent based and a low cost extraction recovery method of bioactive compounds from brewer’s spent grain.