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- Translation and adaptation of the Spirituality and Spiritual Care Rating Scale in portuguese palliative care nursesPublication . Martins, Andreia Raquel; Pinto, Sara; Caldeira, Sílvia; Pimentel, FranciscoTheoretical framework: The knowledge on spirituality in Nursing has increased in Portugal, but there is still low evidence on the nurses’ perception of this dimension of care, as well as limited instruments in portuguese which allow measuring related phenomena. The Spirituality and Spiritual Care Rating Scale (SSCRS) allows assessing the nurses’ perception of spirituality and spiritual care. Objectives: To translate, adapt and validate the SSCRS into portuguese in a sample of portuguese palliative care nurses. Methodology: Methodological study using a sample composed of 94 palliative care nurses. Results: The original structure of the 17-item scale was maintained during the scale validation process. A Cronbach’s alpha between 0.59 and 0.69 in the subscales and 0.76 in the total scale was obtained. These values are indicators of the scale’s reasonable reliability to be used in the population under study. Conclusion: The portuguese version of the SSCRS proved to be a reliable scale with content validity to assess the nurses’ perception of spirituality and spiritual care.
- A systematic literature review toward the characterization of comfortPublication . Pinto, Sara; Caldeira, Sílvia; Martins, José CarlosComfort integrates the taxonomies and the classifications of nursing knowledge. Its meaning is not yet clear, although it is an important construct from which theories are developed. This article aims to analyze comfort in nursing scientific literature. The results highlight a particular interest in comfort at crisis situations such as illness, palliative care, or intensive care. Comforting seems to be a complex intervention. More studies are needed to achieve its operational assimilation and implementation in clinical practice, as well as the evaluation of its efficiency and effectiveness.
- A esperança da pessoa com cancro: estudo em contexto de quimioterapiaPublication . Pinto, Sara; Caldeira, Sílvia; Martins, José CarlosContexto: a esperança é um conceito que ajuda a pessoa a lidar com a crise de uma forma mais eficaz. A evidência científica evoca a sua importância no âmbito dos cuidados paliativos, defendendo que esperanças realistas ajudam a pessoa a viver o tempo que resta da melhor forma possível. Objetivos: analisar o índice de esperança de uma amostra de doentes submetidos a quimioterapia e compreender a influência de algumas variáveis sociodemográficas, clínicas e religiosas sobre o mesmo. Metodologia: estudo observacional, transversal, do tipo exploratório, descritivo-correlacional, numa amostra de 92 doentes oncológicos em quimioterapia. Utilizou-se o Herth Hope Index-PT e os dados foram analisados pelo programa Statistical Package for the Social Sciences, versão 18. Resultados: os inquiridos apresentam índices de esperança elevados (média=29.61 pontos). O tempo de diagnóstico e o tempo em quimioterapia influenciam a esperança (p < 0.01 e p < 0.05, respetivamente). As relações encontradas são fracas e inversas. Conclusão: o avanço do tempo parece fazer diminuir a esperança dos doentes em quimioterapia, o que vem sustentar a necessidade de promovê-la continuamente. A informação adequada às necessidades da pessoa e objetivos realistas atuam como promotores e ajudam a pessoa a restaurar o sentido da vida.
- Bringing ‘forgiveness’ into the International Classification for Nursing PracticePublication . Caldeira, Sílvia; Aparício, Maria; Pinto, Sara; Silva, Rita Santos
- Cultural adaptation and validation of the Portuguese End of Life Spiritual Comfort Questionnaire in Palliative Care patientsPublication . Pinto, Sara; Caldeira, Sílvia; Martins, José Carlos; Kolcaba, KatharineBackground: Holistic comfort is an important outcome in palliative care and an important goal for patients, relatives and healthcare workers. Holistic comfort considers one’s acceptance of life circum- stances, support from loved ones and health care professionals, and peaceful resolution of relationships during stressful situations. However, this type of comfort is still difficult to measure, particularly in pal- liative care patients, as there is a lack of instruments available, especially in the Portuguese language. This study aims to provide an accurate and sensitive instrument to assess the spiritual comfort of Portuguese palliative care patients. Objective: To perform the cultural adaptation and validation of a Portuguese version of the End of Life Comfort Planning Questionnaire in Palliative Care patients. Methods: Methodological research, with analytical approach. The translation, synthesis, back translation, review, pretest, semantic evaluation and analysis of the psychometric properties were performed. A total of 141 palliative care patients from acute medical-surgical settings at a central hospital in the north of Portugal were recruited. The Ethics Committee approved the research. Results: The internal consistency analysis of the adapted instrument resulted in a global alpha value of 0.84 and the factor analysis presented a solution with five factors with rational meaning. The Portuguese version comprised 20 items. Conclusions: The instrument has good psychometric properties. It was reliable, valid and sensitive to the existence of the spiritual comfort of palliative care patients, and appropriate for further research.
- Cancer, health literacy and happiness: perspectives from patients under chemotehrapyPublication . Pinto, Sara; Caldeira, Sílvia; Martins, José CarlosCancer is a dreaded disease that affects all dimensions of human life. In this context, issues related to the quality of life—as happiness, perception about health status, or health literacy—are important. This study aims to analyze the following topics the perception: the Portuguese cancer patients have about their health status while undergoing chemotherapy, the satisfaction with the information relating to their health, their level of happiness, and their vision of the future. An observational, cross-sectional, and descriptive study was developed. Data were collected between May and July 2012 in the day hospital of a central hospital in northern Portugal. The sample was composed of 92 cancer patients who were asked to answer a questionnaire during chemotherapy. The results indicate that, despite this life-threatening disease, patients consider themselves fairly happy and have an optimistic view of the future. Information about their health condition and religious beliefs was important coping mechanisms to help dealing with the suffering caused by the disease. The study highlights the importance of providing care in a holistic way. Nurses must be alert and available to listen, answer questions, provide supporting structures, or refer to other professionals when needed.
- A qualitative study about palliative care patients’ experiences of comfort: implications for nursing diagnosis and interventionsPublication . Pinto, Sara; Caldeira, Sílvia; Martins, José CarlosBackground and objective:Comfort is a complex experience, particularly important to palliative care patients. Although it is listed in nursing classifications and taxonomies there is a gap between theory and practice. Thus, little research has been done about patient’s perceptions and experiences in this context of care. This paper aims to analyze palliative care patients’ experiences about comfort.Methods:Qualitative study with fifteen participants, using in-depth, semi-structured, face-to-face interviews, tape-recorded,transcribed verbatim and analyzed using interpretative content analysis.Results:Five main themes have been identified. Holistic comfort may be a difficult outcome for many end-of-life patients but the context of provision of care, the presence of family, the way information is managed, the search for meaning in life, and the need to keep life under control were perceived as important determinants for comfort.Conclusions:This study provides a general overview about comfort experiences and the main discomforts of hospitalized patients who are suffering from chronic and incurable diseases. Findings highlight comfort as a complex intervention within multidisciplinary palliative care team and this is supporting the nursing diagnosis “Impaired Comfort” as a syndrome. The study adds a contribution to the accuracy and completeness of nursing classifications and nursing practice in palliative care.
- Review and characterization of Portuguese theses, dissertations, and papers about spirituality in healthPublication . Romeiro, Joana; Martins, Helga; Pinto, Sara; Caldeira, SílviaResearch about spirituality has grown widely in the past decades and the interest in health care is also evident in Portugal. This literature review aims to identify and to characterize Portuguese theses, dissertations, and papers about spirituality in health, and to provide a systematic overview of the knowledge concerning this subject. The search was conducted in February 2017 and updated in January 2018. Four independent reviewers screened and analyzed all citations, and a total of 76 results were included. Publications started in 2002 and include master degree dissertations (n = 37), scientific papers (n = 31), and PhD theses (n = 8). Papers were published in 24 national and international journals. Most papers were psychology- and nursing-related and had a quantitative design (n = 55). Samples were mostly composed of patients living with a chronic disease (n = 20) or elderly (n = 11). The Spiritual Well-Being Questionnaire (SWBQ) was the most used tool. A multidisciplinary approach is regarded as foundational in implementing spirituality in the provision of health care and the results underline the interest on this topic from other disciplines rather than nursing. Further studies must provide a deeper understanding of spirituality in children, adolescents or families’ perspective bringing new insights to advanced health practice.