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- Formation of muslim elites in british India: Sayyid Ahmad Khan and the Muhammadan Anglo‑Oriental CollegePublication . Mohomed, CarimoAfter the Indian Mutiny of 1857‑1858, also known as the Sepoy Revolt or Uprising, and the end of the Mughal Dynasty, India became under the direct rule of the British Government, and there were a considerable number of Muslim political intellectuals who sought to reform and revitalize Islam in India and as a whole. The responses were various and the debates would surpass geographical boundaries, anticipating questions which are relevant even nowadays, like gender relations, new forms of religious institutionalization and the role of religion in politics. The aim of this paper is to analyze the thought of Sayyid Ahmad Khan (1817‑1898) and the educational impacts of his Muhammadan Anglo‑Oriental College, also known as the Aligarh Movement.
- A historiographical approach to the Qur' an and Shari' a in late 19th century India: the case of Chiragh 'AliPublication . Mohomed, CarimoAnalysing the book The Proposed Political, Legal, and Social Reforms in the Ottoman Empire and Other Mohammadan States (1883) and undertaking a historical contextualization, this paper problematizes the epistemis and epistemological framework underlying the articulation of Chiragh 'Ali's discourse, focusing on how he viewed the Qur'an and Shari'a according to the intellectual debates in the 19th century. Often refuting, in his writings, missionary and Orientalist criticisms of Islam as being hostile to reason and incapable of reform, Chiragh 'Ali rather argued that the Islamic legal system and schools were human institutions capable of modification. While defending that the Qur'an taught religious doctrine and rules for morality, Chiragh 'Ali held the opinion that it did not support a detailed code of immutable civil law or dictate a specific political system, drawing on an examination of the traditional sources of the Islamic law and methods to overcome the rigidity of traditional theologians.