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- Psychometric properties and correlates of precarious manhood beliefs in 62 nationsPublication . Bosson, Jennifer K.; Jurek, Paweł; Vandello, Joseph A.; Kosakowska-Berezecka, Natasza; Olech, Michał; Besta, Tomasz; Bender, Michael; Hoorens, Vera; Becker, Maja; Sevincer, A. Timur; Best, Deborah L.; Dandy, Justine; Lemus, Soledad de; Dhakal, Sandesh; Dvorianchikov, Nikolay; Egami, Sonoko; Etchezahar, Edgardo; Esteves, Carla Sofia; Felix, Neto; Froehlich, Laura; Garcia-Sanchez, Efrain; Moscatelli, Silvia; Gavreliuc, Alin; Gavreliuc, Dana; Gomez, Ángel; Guizzo, Francesca; Graf, Sylvie; Greijdanus, Hedy; Grigoryan, Ani; Grzymała-Moszczyńska, Joanna; Guerch, Keltouma; Sendén, Marie Gustafsson; Moynihan, Andrew Bryan; Hale, Miriam Linnea; Hämer, Hannah; Hirai, Mika; Duc, Lam Hoang; Hřebíčková, Martina; Hutchings, Paul B.; Jensen, Dorthe Høj; Jasinskaja-Lahti, Inga; Karabati, Serdar; Kelmendi, Kaltrina; Muller, Dominique; Kengyel, Gabriella; Khachatryan, Narine; Ghazzawi, Rawan; Kinahan, Mary; Kirby, Teri A.; Kovács, Monika; Kozlowski, Desiree; Krivoshchekov, Vladislav; Kulich, Clara; Kurosawa, Tai; Narhetali, Erita; An, Nhan Thi Lac; Labarthe, Javier; Latu, Ioana; Lauri, Mary Anne; Mankowski, Eric; Lawal, Abiodun Musbau; Li, Junyi; Lindner, Jana; Lindqvist, Anna; Maitner, Angela T.; Neto, Félix; Makarova, Elena; Makashvili, Ana; Malayeri, Shera; Malik, Sadia; Mancini, Tiziana; Manzi, Claudia; Mari, Silvia; Martiny, Sarah E.; Mayer, Claude Hélène; Mihić, Vladimir; Noels, Kimberly A.; Đorđević, Jasna Milošević; Moreno-Bella, Eva; Nyúl, Boglárka; O’Connor, Emma C.; Ochoa, Danielle P.; Ohno, Sachiko; Safdar, Saba; Adebayo, Sulaiman Olanrewaju; Osborne, Randall; Pacilli, Maria Giuseppina; Palacio, Jorge; Patnaik, Snigdha; Pavlopoulos, Vassilis; León, Pablo Pérez de; Piterová, Ivana; Porto, Juliana Barreiros; Puzio, Angelica; Włodarczyk, Anna; Pyrkosz-Pacyna, Joanna; Pérez, Erico Rentería; Renström, Emma; Rousseaux, Tiphaine; Ryan, Michelle K.; Sainz, Mario; Salvati, Marco; Samekin, Adil; Schindler, Simon; Seydi, Masoumeh; Zawisza, Magdalena; Shepherd, Debra; Sherbaji, Sara; Schmader, Toni; Simão, Cláudia; Sobhie, Rosita; Souza, Lucille De; Sarter, Emma; Sulejmanović, Dijana; Sullivan, Katie E.; Tatsumi, Mariko; Żadkowska, Magdalena; Tavitian-Elmadjian, Lucy; Thakur, Suparna Jain; Chi, Quang Thi Mong; Torre, Beatriz; Torres, Ana; Torres, Claudio V.; Türkoğlu, Beril; Ungaretti, Joaquín; Valshtein, Timothy; Laar, Colette Van; Abuhamdeh, Sami; Noll, Jolanda van der; Vasiutynskyi, Vadym; Vauclair, Christin Melanie; Venäläinen, Satu; Vohra, Neharika; Walentynowicz, Marta; Ward, Colleen; Yang, Yaping; Yzerbyt, Vincent; Zanello, Valeska; Agyemang, Collins Badu; Zapata-Calvente, Antonella Ludmila; Žukauskienė, Rita; Akbaş, Gülçin; Albayrak-Aydemir, Nihan; Ammirati, Soline; Anderson, Joel; Anjum, Gulnaz; Ariyanto, Amarina; Aruta, John Jamir Benzon R.; Ashraf, Mujeeba; Bakaitytė, Aisté; Bertolli, Chiara; Bërxulli, Dashamir; Bi, Chongzeng; Block, Katharina; Boehnke, Mandy; Bongiorno, Renata; Bosak, Janine; Casini, Annalisa; Chen, Qingwei; Chi, Peilian; Adoric, Vera Cubela; Daalmans, SerenaPrecarious manhood beliefs portray manhood, relative to womanhood, as a social status that is hard to earn, easy to lose, and proven via public action. Here, we present cross-cultural data on a brief measure of precarious manhood beliefs (the Precarious Manhood Beliefs scale [PMB]) that covaries meaningfully with other cross-culturally validated gender ideologies and with country-level indices of gender equality and human development. Using data from university samples in 62 countries across 13 world regions (N = 33,417), we demonstrate: (1) the psychometric isomorphism of the PMB (i.e., its comparability in meaning and statistical properties across the individual and country levels); (2) the PMB’s distinctness from, and associations with, ambivalent sexism and ambivalence toward men; and (3) associations of the PMB with nation-level gender equality and human development. Findings are discussed in terms of their statistical and theoretical implications for understanding widely-held beliefs about the precariousness of the male gender role.
- Data from the Human Penguin Project, a cross-national dataset testing social thermoregulation principlesPublication . Hu, Chuan Peng; Yin, Ji Xing; Lindenberg, Siegwart; Dalğar, İlker; Weissgerber, Sophia C.; Vergara, Rodrigo C.; Cairo, Athena H.; Čolić, Marija V.; Dursun, Pinar; Frankowska, Natalia; Hadi, Rhonda; Hall, Calvin J.; Hong, Youngki; Joy-Gaba, Jennifer; Lazarević, Dušanka; Lazarević, Ljiljana B.; Parzuchowski, Michal; Ratner, Kyle G.; Rothman, David; Sim, Samantha; Simão, Cláudia; Song, Mengdi; Stojilović, Darko; Blomster, Johanna K.; Brito, Rodrigo; Hennecke, Marie; Jaume-Guazzini, Francisco; Schubert, Thomas W.; Schütz, Astrid; Seibt, Beate; Zickfeld, Janis H.; IJzerman, HansIn the Human Penguin Project (N = 1755), 15 research groups from 12 countries collected body temperature, demographic variables, social network indices, seven widely-used psychological scales and two newly developed questionnaires (the Social Thermoregulation and Risk Avoidance Questionnaire (STRAQ-1) and the Kama Muta Frequency Scale (KAMF)). They were collected to investigate the relationship between environmental factors (e.g., geographical, climate etc.) and human behaviors, which is a long-standing inquiry in the scientific community. More specifically, the present project was designed to test principles surrounding the idea of social thermoregulation, which posits that social networks help people to regulate their core body temperature. The results showed that all scales in the current project have sufficient to good psychometrical properties. Unlike previous crowdsourced projects, this dataset includes not only the cleaned raw data but also all the validation of questionnaires in 9 different languages, thus providing a valuable resource for psychological scientists who are interested in cross-national, environment-human interaction studies.
- Social mindfulness and prosociality vary across the globePublication . Doesum, Niels J. van; Murphy, Ryan O.; Gallucci, Marcello; Aharonov-Majar, Efrat; Athenstaedt, Ursula; Au, Wing Tung; Bai, Liying; Böhm, Robert; Bovina, Inna; Buchan, Nancy R.; Chen, Xiao Ping; Dumont, Kitty B.; Engelmann, Jan B.; Eriksson, Kimmo; Euh, Hyun; Fiedler, Susann; Friesen, Justin; Gächter, Simon; Garcia, Camilo; González, Roberto; Graf, Sylvie; Growiec, Katarzyna; Guimond, Serge; Hrebíčková, Martina; Immer-Bernold, Elizabeth; Joireman, Jeff; Karagonlar, Gokhan; Kawakami, Kerry; Kiyonari, Toko; Kou, Yu; Kuhlman, D. Michael; Kyrtsis, Alexandros Andreas; Lay, Siugmin; Leonardelli, Geoffrey J.; Li, Norman P.; Li, Yang; Maciejovsky, Boris; Manesi, Zoi; Mashuri, Ali; Mok, Aurelia; Moser, Karin S.; Moták, Ladislav; Netedu, Adrian; Pammi, Chandrasekhar; Platow, Michael J.; Raczka-Winkler, Karolina; Folmer, Christopher P. Reinders; Reyna, Cecilia; Romano, Angelo; Shalvi, Shaul; Simão, Cláudia; Stivers, Adam W.; Strimling, Pontus; Tsirbas, Yannis; Utz, Sonja; Meij, Leander van der; Waldzus, Sven; Wang, Yiwen; Weber, Bernd; Weisel, Ori; Wildschut, Tim; Winter, Fabian; Wu, Junhui; Yong, Jose C.; Lange, Paul A. M. vanHumans are social animals, but not everyone will be mindful of others to the same extent. Individual differences have been found, but would social mindfulness also be shaped by one's location in the world? Expecting cross-national differences to exist, we examined if and how social mindfulness differs across countries. At little to no material cost, social mindfulness typically entails small acts of attention or kindness. Even though fairly common, such low-cost cooperation has received little empirical attention. Measuring social mindfulness across 31 samples from industrialized countries and regions (n = 8,354), we found considerable variation. Among selected country-level variables, greater social mindfulness was most strongly associated with countries' better general performance on environmental protection. Together, our findings contribute to the literature on prosociality by targeting the kind of everyday cooperation that is more focused on communicating benevolence than on providing material benefits.
- The relationship between the brexit vote and individual predictors of prejudice: collective narcissism, right wing authoritarianism, social dominance orientationPublication . Zavala, Agnieszka Golec de; Guerra, Rita; Simão, CláudiaThe Leave campaign in the U.K., which advocated exiting the European Union, emphasized anxiety over immigration and the need to take control of the U.K.'s borders. Citizens who expressed concerns about immigration to the U.K. were more likely to vote to leave. Two correlational studies examined the previously unexplored question of whether the Brexit vote and support for the outcome of the E.U. referendum were linked to individual predictors of prejudice toward foreigners: British collective narcissism (a belief in national greatness), right wing authoritarianism, and social dominance orientation. The results converged to indicate that all three variables were independently related to the perceived threat of immigrants and, via this variable, to the Brexit vote and a support for the outcome of the E.U. referendum. These variables explained the variance in the perceived threat of immigrants and support for the Brexit vote over and above other previously examined predictors such as age, education, or ethnicity, as well as, national identification and national attachment.
- Collective narcissism and in-group satisfaction predict different reactions to the past transgressions of the in-groupPublication . Dyduch-Hazar, Karolina; Mrozinski, Blazej; Simão, Cláudia; Zavala, Agnieszka Golec deIn-group identification is necessary for in-group members to take responsibility for the past transgressions of the in-group. However, even among high identifiers, the reactions to reminders of the in-group's transgression may differ depending on the beliefs members hold about their in-group. Results of a cross-sectional study (N = 441), indicate that collective narcissism (i.e., a belief that the in-group's importance is not sufficiently recognized by others) versus in-group satisfaction (i.e., a belief that the in-group is of high value and a reason to be proud of) have opposite unique associations with the evaluation of the artistic value of films referring to Polish involvement in pogroms during the Second World War (Ida and The Aftermath, a proxy of an attitude towards knowledge about past national transgressions). Collective narcissism predicted lower, whereas in-group satisfaction predicted higher, perceived artistic value of the films. Those unique relationships could only be observed when the positive association between collective narcissism and in-group satisfaction was partialled out.
- Keeping in touch with context: non-verbal behavior as a manifestation of communality and dominancePublication . Sekerdej, Maciej; Simão, Cláudia; Waldzus, Sven; Brito, RodrigoThis research investigated the influence of observed touch on the perceptions of communality and dominance in dyadic interactions. We manipulated four key situational features of haptic behavior in two experiments: the initiation, reciprocity, the degree of formality of touch (Studies 1 and 2), and the context of the interaction (Study 2). The results showed that the default perception of touch, irrespective of whether it is initiated or reciprocated, is the communal intention of the toucher. Furthermore, the initiation of touch was seen as an act of dominance, particularly, when the contact between the actors was primed as being hierarchical. Reciprocation neutralized the perceived asymmetry in dominance, but such inferences seemed to hinge on the fit of the touch with the context: reciprocation of formal touch reduced the asymmetry in the hierarchical context, whereas reciprocation of informal touch reduced the asymmetry in the non-hierarchical context.
- The effects of temporal discounting on perceived seriousness of environmental behavior: exploring the moderator role of consumer attitudes regarding green purchasingPublication . Farias, Ana Rita; Coruk, Seray; Simão, CláudiaEmerging issues related to climate change have been explored in recent years as the need for appropriate behavioral solutions grows. However, one of the main problems raised and yet to be solved is the challenge to encourage people to act against climate change. One of the identified barriers is the mental indirect link between the influence of human activities in the present and their future consequences. This psychological distance could be investigated by examining temporal discounting-the overvaluation of benefits in the present compared to benefits in the future-and its relationship to environmental behavior on consumers' attitudes toward green purchasing. In this research, we conducted a survey (n = 337) to examine the relationship between temporal discounting and perceived seriousness of environmental behavior and investigated the moderating effect of consumers' attitudes regarding green purchasing. The results show a moderating effect of these consumers' attitudes on the relationship between temporal discounting and perceived seriousness of environmental behavior. These findings make important contributions to environmental policies by rethinking and adapting new solutions that promote behavioral change, namely by exploring psychological variables and identifying green consumption profiles.