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- Manufacture of bioactive peptide-rich concentrates from whey: characterization of pilot processPublication . Tavares, Tânia G.; Amorim, Manuela; Gomes, David; Pintado, Manuela E.; Pereira, Carlos D.; Malcata, F. XavierThis work was focused on the manufacture, at pilot scale, of cow whey protein and peptide concentrates, using selective filtration techniques—associated with hydrolysis brought about by proteolytic enzymes from Cynara cardunculus aqueous extracts, using as (optimal) conditions an enzyme/substrate ratio of 1.6% v/v, a pH of 5.2, a temperature of 55 C and an incubation time of 7 h. The profiles of proteins and peptides were assessed by liquid chromatography and electrophoresis; ca. 87% of a-lactalbumin was hydrolyzed, but essentially no degradation of b-lactoglobulin (b-Lg) was observed. A bioactive peptide concentrate, its fraction below 3 kDa and a b-Lg-rich fraction were obtained as final products, containing ca. 73, 43 and 91% w/w protein (on a total solid mass basis). All these fractions were low in lactose and salt, and their microbial loads were reduced. Said fractions are high added-value products, so they can be used as nutritional and functional ingredients—thus yielding an economically viable alternative for upgrade of whey.
- Novel eco-friendly method to extract keratin from hairPublication . Cassoni, Ana C.; Freixo, Ricardo; Pintado, Ana I. E.; Amorim, Manuela; Pereira, Carlos D.; Madureira, Ana Raquel; Pintado, Manuela M. E.Pig slaughtering for meat production is a major worldwide industry that generates many byproducts that can cause environmental problems. Nonetheless, it is possible to have a management of these residues toward the reuse and valorization of these byproducts. One opportunity focuses on the extraction of value-added compounds such as keratin since pig hair is composed by 80% of this protein. There are some methods for keratin extraction from human hair as other sources such as wool and feathers, but they bring many problems such as pollution, time-consumption, and high costs. This work uses a commercial detergent belonging to the category of degreasers, capable of fast and efficient dissolution of pig hair, followed by a simple filtration to remove residues from skin trimmings with fat and lard. The resulting solution is submitted to an ultrafiltration process to obtain a solution with higher protein content and purity, both at laboratory scale and pilot scale-up. Use of this keratin green extraction method allows to obtain a keratin product with protein purity up to 70% with a yield extraction of about 50%, which although lower than the previous methods allow protein integrity and cleaner technology. This method allows a relevant valorization of pig hair, using for the first time a simple, cost-effective, and environmentally friendly approach.
- Nutritional, textural and sensory properties of Coalho cheese made of goats', cows' milk and their mixturePublication . Queiroga, Rita de Cássia Ramos do Egypto; Santos, Bárbara Melo; Gomes, Ana Maria Pereira; Monteiro, Maria João; Teixeira, Susana Maria; Souza, Evandro Leite de; Pereira, Carlos José Dias; Pintado, Maria Manuela EstevezThis study assesses and compares the nutritional, textural and sensory characteristics of Coalho cheese made from goat's (CGM) or cow's milk (CCM) and their mixture (CCGM) during cold storage for 28 days. Among the assessed physiochemical parameters, the type of milk used during production only influenced (P < 0.05) the moisture, fat and salt contents of the cheeses. CGM and CCGM showed higher (P < 0.05) content of short- and medium-chain fatty acids, such as C6, C8 and C10 and 02, and long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids C18:2n6c, and lower content of 06 and C16:1. All cheeses presented satisfactory sensory characteristics for most of the assessed parameters. However the addition of cow's milk to goat's milk improved sensory acceptability, mainly through the reduction of goat's milk odor and flavor. Coalho cheese made with the mixture of cow's and goat's milk maintained particular positive nutritional characteristics of goat's cheese, especially with respect to the fatty acids profile, with improved acceptability. All the cheeses maintained, in general, their properties throughout storage time.