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- Alterations in the fatty acid composition in infant formulas and ω3‐PUFA enriched UHT milk during storagePublication . Rodríguez‐Alcalá, Luis Miguel; Calvo, María V.; Fontecha, Javier; Alonso, Leocadioω3-polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) are known to have several beneficial effects, such as preventing the occurrence of cardiovascular events in adults and improving the development of the central nervous system during fetal life and childhood. Dairy products enriched in PUFA are now available on the market and can help consumers to meet the ω3-PUFA daily intake recommendations. Although PUFA are prone to oxidation, little information exists regarding the alterations they undergo when products containing PUFA are stored. In this study, five infant formulae (IF) and five ω3-PUFA enriched Ultra High Temperature (UHT)-milk products were examined during storage at room temperature in terms of fatty acid (FA) composition and trans fatty acid (tFA) content until the end of shelf life by chromatography techniques. The IF included two follow-on formulae, two first-age formulae and a special medical purpose formula with different fat contents (from 2.6% to 27.7%). In the ω3-PUFA enriched UHT-milk products the milk fat was replaced by eicosapentanoic fatty acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) rich oils. The fatty acid content of all samples remained stable whereas some variations were observed for the tFA isomer content (p < 0.05) in the UHT-milk samples.
- Milk fat components with potential anticancer activity - a reviewPublication . Rodríguez-Alcalá, Luis M.; Castro-Gómez, M. Pilar; Pimentel, Lígia L.; Fontecha, JavierDuring many years, the milk fat has been unfairly undervalued due to its association with higher levels of cardiovascular diseases, dyslipidaemia or obesity, among others. However, currently, this relationship is being re-evaluated because some of the dairy lipid components have been attributed potential health benefits. Due to this, and based on the increasing incidence of cancer in our society, this review work aims to discuss the state of the art concerning scientific evidence of milk lipid components and reported anticancer properties. Results from the in vitro and in vivo experiments suggest that specific fatty acids (FA) (as butyric acid and conjugated linoleic acid (CLA), among others), phospholipids and sphin-golipids from milk globule membrane are potential anticarcinogenic agents. However, their mechanism of action remains still unclear due to limited and inconsistent findings in human studies.
- Sardine canning byproducts as sources of functional ingredientsPublication . Carvalho, Ana P.; Amorim, Maria Manuela; Rodríguez-Alcalá, Luís; Fontecha, Javier; Castro, Paula M. L.; Pintado, Manuela E.Sardine byproducts generated during the canning process entail a potential opportunity to drive them into a chain of high-added-value compounds while simultaneously decreasing the environmental impact of their discharge. This paper describes and discusses the biochemical variation of solid and liquid byproducts generated during the sardine canning process during one complete year. Additionally, byproducts were also evaluated in terms of their degradation over time as monitored through microbiological and chemical analysis. Finally, their valorization was ascertained through the recovery of lipid fractions rich in ω3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) as well as protein fractions with antihypertensive activity (ACE). The variability of the biochemical composition of byproducts during the year was significant, especially in terms of lipid content, and their degradation was strongly dependent on the conditions under which they were collected and stored. Both liquid and solid byproducts present ω6/ω3 ratios between 0.05 and 0.18 and thrombogenic indexes between 0.27 and 0.57, whereas low-molecular-weight fractions of protein extracts (<3 kDa) exhibited the strongest ACE activity (IC50 = 51 μg/mL). The potential viability of using liquid byproducts as sources of functional ingredients is an interesting alternative to the management of these effluents in the fish canning industry.
- Pedobacter lusitanus sp. nov., isolated from sludge of a deactivated uranium minePublication . Covas, Cláudia; Caetano, Tânia; Cruz, Andreia; Santos, Tiago; Dias, Liliana; Klein, Guenter; Abdulmawjood, Amir; Rodriguez-Alcala, Luis M.; Pimentel, Ligia L.; Gomes, Ana; Freitas, Ana Cristina; Garcia-Serrano, Alba; Fontecha, Javier; Mendo, SoniaStrain NL19(T) is a Gram-stain-negative, aerobic bacterium that was isolated from sludge of a deactivated uranium mine in Portugal. 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis revealed that strain NL19(T) is a member of the genus Pedobacter and closely related to the strains Pedobacter himalayensis MTCC 6384(T), Pedobacter cryoconitis DSM 14825(T), Pedobacter westerhofensis DSM 19036 (T) and Pedobacter hartonius DSM 19033(T). It had a DNA G+C content of 40.8 mol%, which agreed with the genus description. The main fatty acids included C-16 : 1 omega 7c, C-14 : 1 omega 5c, C-4 : 0, iso-C-17 : 0, iso-C-17 : 0 3-OH, C-16 : 0, anteiso-C-15 : 0 and isoC(15 : 0) 3-OH. The main lipids present were phospholipids (60 %) and sphingolipids (35 %). The most abundant phospholipids included phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylinositol and phosphatidylcholine. Menaquinone-7 (MK-7) was the only isoprenoid quinone detected. DNA-DNA hybridization similarities between strain NL19(T) and Pedobacter himalayensis MTCC 6384(T), Pedobacter cryoconitis DSM 14825(T), Pedobacter westerhofensis DSM 19036(T) and Pedobacter hartonius DSM 19033(T) were 15.3, 16.2, 11.5 and 16.0 %, respectively. Strain NL19(T) can also be distinguished from these four species based on gyrB and intergenic transcribed spacers (ITS) sequences and by some phenotypic traits such as NaCl tolerance, pH, growth temperature and carbon source utilization. Strain NL19(T) represents a novel species of the genus Pedobacter, for which the name Pedobacter lusitanus sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is NL19(T) (= LMG 29220(T) = CECT 9028(T)). An amended description of Pedobacter himalayensis is also included.