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- Sensory processing of time and space in autistic childrenPublication . Coelho, Franz; Rando, Belén; Salgado, Mariana; Abreu, Ana MariaBackground/Objectives: Autism is characterized by atypical sensory processing, which affects spatial and temporal perception. Here, we explore sensory processing in children with autism, focusing on visuospatial and temporal tasks across visual and auditory modalities. Methods: Ninety-two children aged 4 to 6 participated, divided into three groups: autism (n = 32), neurotypical chronological age-matched controls (n = 28), and neurotypical developmental age-matched controls (n = 32). The autism group consisted of high-functioning children (26 boys). The participants completed computer-based tasks requiring spatial and temporal processing. Response accuracy and reaction times were recorded. Results: The autism group demonstrated higher accuracy in temporal tasks (visual and auditory modalities) and comparable accuracy in visuospatial modality, but slower response times in all tasks compared to both neurotypical controls. These results suggest a strategy that prioritizes accuracy over speed, while preserving spatial and temporal processing in autism. Conclusions: These findings suggest that temporal processing, rather than the sensory modality, drives decision-making strategies in children with autism. Our findings highlight the need for interventions aligned with autistic children’s slower but accurate processing style to support social interaction and reduce stress. In a fast-paced digitalized world, autistic children might benefit from slower, balanced, and inclusive, evidence-based approaches that align with their cognitive rhythm and reduce overstimulation. By incorporating these unique strategies, targeted programs can enhance the quality of life and adaptive skills of children with autism, thereby fostering better integration into social and sensory-rich environments.
- A tutela da honra e a liberdade de crítica : em especial, a problemática das redes sociaisPublication . Silva, Filipa Ferreira e; Silva, Germano Marques daWith the advent of social media, it has become extremely common to use our freedom of expression as a justification for voicing opinions - mainly, the negative ones - which repeatedly exceed the limits of what is acceptable. The truth is, when we are behind a phone or a computer screen, it becomes easy to comment on anyone, especially as we are not in the presence of the affected person, a situation which gives us a sense of security and impunity. However, even though the victims are in a different physical location, they remain victims nonetheless. In this context, it seems appropriate to ask: are there limits to the freedom of criticism? Is it legitimate to insult others under the guise of our right to freedom of expression? Should the right to honour prevail when it conflicts with the right to our freedom of expression? Throughout this thesis, we aim to explore exactly these questions, attempting to place them within the current reality experienced by a specific group of the population who suffers from harsh criticism and insults on social media on a daily bases: professional tennis players.
- O homicídio qualificado no código penal : uma análise do artigo 132º com especial incidência nos crimes de ódioPublication . Duarte, Matilde Santos Oliveira; Silva, Germano Marques daA presente dissertação visa analisar o homicídio qualificado, conforme previsto no artigo 132.º do Código Penal, com particular incidência nos crimes de ódio, destacando as circunstâncias qualificadoras de “especial censurabilidade ou perversidade”. A investigação foca-se em compreender como é que o legislador estrutura a norma, que se encontra dividida, visto que contém uma cláusula generalizadora e exemplos-padrão. Aqui surgem alguns desafios, nomeadamente a compatibilidade da norma com alguns dos princípios do Direito, como o princípio da legalidade e da tipicidade. A qualificação de homicídios que têm motivações discriminatórias, levou-nos a aprofundar a ligação entre o direito penal e a proteção dos direitos fundamentais, comprovando que é necessário um tratamento jurídico mais duro para os crimes que atentem contra a dignidade humana. Este trabalho tem como foco principal os crimes de ódio motivados por preconceitos, quer em razão da religião, raça, orientação política, cor, origem étnica, origem nacional, sexo, orientação sexual ou identidade de género da vítima. Este estudo inclui uma análise aprofundada sobre os diferentes crimes de ódio presentes na alínea f) do artigo 132.º do Código Penal e como são distintos dos demais por conta da sua gravidade moral e desprezo pela dignidade humana, o que justifica um tratamento penal mais rigoroso. A par disto, este trabalho explora a relação entre o princípio da tolerância e os crimes de ódio, de maneira a promover a convivência pacífica numa sociedade plural.