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- Are aptamer-based biosensors the future of the detection of the human gut microbiome? - a systematic review and meta-analysisPublication . Moreira, Maria João; Pintado, Manuela; Almeida, José M. M. M. deThe gut microbiome is shaped early in life by dietary and lifestyle factors. Specific compounds in the gut affect the growth of different bacterial species and the production of beneficial or harmful byproducts. Dysbiosis of the gut microbiome has been linked to various diseases resulting from the presence of harmful bacteria and their byproducts. Existing methods for detecting microbial species, such as microscopic observation and molecular biological techniques, are costly, labor-intensive, and require skilled personnel. Biosensors, which integrate a recognition element, transducer, amplifier, signal processor, and display unit, can convert biological events into electronic signals. This review provides a comprehensive and systematic survey of scientific publications from 2018 to June 2024, obtained from ScienceDirect, PubMed, and Scopus databases. The aim was to evaluate the current state-of-the-art and identify knowledge gaps in the application of aptamer biosensors for the determination of gut microbiota. A total of 13 eligible publications were categorized based on the type of study: those using microbial bioreceptors (category 1) and those using aptamer bioreceptors (category 2) for the determination of gut microbiota. Point-of-care biosensors are being developed to monitor changes in metabolites that may lead to disease. They are well-suited for use in the healthcare system and offer an excellent alternative to traditional methods. Aptamers are gaining attention due to their stability, specificity, scalability, reproducibility, low production cost, and low immunogenicity. While there is limited research on using aptamers to detect human gut microbiota, they show promise for providing accurate, robust, and cost-effective diagnostic methods for monitoring the gut microbiome.
- O procedimento disciplinar no contrato de serviço domésticoPublication . Alves, Cláudia Regina Ales; Carvalho, Sandra Catarina Nunes de OliveiraO contrato de trabalho doméstico é um contrato de trabalho especial regulado pelo Decreto-Lei n.º 235/92, de 24 de outubro. Apesar da recente reforma deste diploma várias questões ficaram por resolver, principalmente na cessação do contrato de trabalho doméstico pelo empregador com justa causa e a (não) existência de procedimento disciplinar, em que, no nosso entendimento, se nota a maior desproteção destes trabalhadores, podendo-se até falar em discriminação. Neste sentido, o objetivo da presente dissertação é analisar criticamente as recentes alterações nesta matéria e o regime atual, e verificar se as razões que motivaram este regime realmente justificam tamanha desproteção dos trabalhadores domésticos e quais as soluções a ser adotadas.
- Recommender systems and over-the-top services: a systematic review study (2010–2022)Publication . Vicente, Paulo Nuno; Burnay, Catarina DuffArtificial intelligence (AI) technologies have been increasingly developed and applied in the audiovisual sector. Over-the-top (OTT) services, directly distributed to viewers via the Internet, are associated with a shift towards automation through algorithmic mediation in audiovisual content led by digital platforms. However, scientific knowledge regarding algorithmic recommender systems and automation in OTT services is not yet systemized; researchers, practitioners, and the public thus lack full awareness about the still largely opaque phenomena. To address this gap, we conduct a systematic literature review in the communication domain (2010–2022) and answer four key research questions: What research objectives have been pursued? What concepts have been developed and/or applied? What methodologies have been privileged? Which OTT platforms have received the most research attention? Challenges and opportunities are highlighted, and an agenda for future research is advanced.