Browsing by Issue Date, starting with "2023-03-07"
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- Acidente de trabalho, um problema organizacional : em especial o trabalhador suicidaPublication . Botas, Bernardo Maria Dias Ferreira Castro; Madaleno, Cláudia Alexandra dos Santos
- Microscopic inspection of the adhesive interface of composite onlays after cementation on low loading: an in vitro studyPublication . Magalhães, Tiago; Fidalgo-Pereira, Rita; Torres, Orlanda; Carvalho, Óscar; Silva, Filipe S.; Henriques, Bruno; Özcan, Mutlu; Souza, Júlio C. M.Purpose: This study aimed to assess the layer thickness and microstructure of traditional resin-matrix cements and flowable resin-matrix composites at dentin and enamel to composite onlay interfaces after cementation on low loading magnitude. Materials and Methods: Twenty teeth were prepared and conditioned with an adhesive system for restoration with resin-matrix composite onlays manufactured by CAD-CAM. On cementation, tooth-to-onlay assemblies were distributed into four groups, including two traditional resin-matrix cements (groups M and B), one flowable resin-matrix composite (group G), and one thermally induced flowable composite (group V). After the cementation procedure, assemblies were cross-sectioned for inspection by optical microscopy at different magnification up to ×1000. Results: The layer thickness of resin-matrix cementation showed the highest mean values at around 405 µm for a traditional resin-matrix cement (group B). The thermally induced flowable resin-matrix composites showed the lowest layer thickness values. The resin-matrix layer thickness revealed statistical differences between traditional resin cement (groups M and B) and flowable resin-matrix composites (groups V and G) (p < 0.05). However, the groups of flowable resin-matrix composites did not reveal statistical differences (p < 0.05). The thickness of the adhesive system layer at around 7 µm and 12 µm was lower at the interfaces with flowable resin-matrix composites when compared to the adhesive layer at resin-matrix cements, which ranged from 12 µm up to 40 µm. Conclusions: The flowable resin-matrix composites showed adequate flowing even though the loading on cementation was performed at low magnitude. Nevertheless, significant variation in thickness of the cementation layer was noticed for flowable resin-matrix composites and traditional resin-matrix cements that can occur in chair-side procedures due to the clinical sensitivity and differences in rheological properties of the materials.
- The success rate of the adhesive partial fixed prosthesis after five years: a systematic reviewPublication . Santos, Maria Catarina; Azevedo, Luis; Fonseca, Patrícia; Viana, Pedro Couto; Araújo, Filipe; Villarinho, Eduardo; Fernandes, Gustavo Vicentis Oliveira; Correia, AndréObjective: Evaluation of the success and/or survival rates of resin-bonded fixed partial dentures (RBFPDs) reported in the scientific literature with a minimum average observation time of five years. Materials and Methods: Search conducted in Pubmed, Web of Science, and Cochrane databases in free-text format and MESH terms, until May 2021. The random-effects model was used for the estimated survival rate, percentage per year of estimated failure, and existing complications for the meta-analysis. Study heterogeneity was assessed by the inconsistency test (I2) and study quality by the Downs and Black scale. Results: Eleven articles were included, with 687 participants and 783 RBFPDs, with a mean observation time of 8.2 years, with success rates mentioned in three articles and survival rates reported in nine articles. A total of 142 failures were reported for 783 prostheses, the most frequent being debonding. The estimated failure rate was between 0.53% and 5.10% per year. The studies were of sufficient quality. In the meta-analysis, the survival rates showed a significant result (p < 0.001), with moderate heterogeneity (I2 = 58.76%). Conclusions: Within the limitations of this research, mainly related to the heterogeneity of the studies and their quality, it seems possible to conclude that RBFPDs are a viable clinical option for the rehabilitation of patients with single edentulous spaces, mainly when using a single retainer and a zirconia-ceramic prosthesis.
- Prescrição criminal : a culpabilidade e o decurso do tempoPublication . Roque, Micaela Ribeiro da Silva; Marques, Pedro Maia GarciaEste trabalho debruça-se sobre o tema da Prescrição Criminal, em particular, sobre a influência e as consequências do decurso do tempo e do princípio da culpabilidade. O objetivo principal consiste em traçar em que medida o decurso de um período de tempo fixado na lei implica que se afaste o juízo de censura imputado ao agente de um crime, bem como, apurar como se gerem as expectativas da comunidade de que este seja punido. Para este efeito analisou-se doutrina e jurisprudência relevante no tema, de forma a apresentarem-se diferentes correntes de opinião, os assuntos nos quais já se alcançou um consenso e assumir uma posição quanto aos mesmos. Os resultados obtidos com esta investigação apontam no sentido de que a existência do instituto da prescrição criminal tem cabimento no seio do nosso Direito Penal, sendo justificada, desde logo, com base em fundamentos constitucionais. Assim sendo, conclui-se que a persistência na punição realizada muitos anos após a prática do crime apenas se poderá justificar em motivos alheios e incapazes de fundar preventivamente as necessidades de punição.
- Production of sustainable postbiotics from sugarcane straw for potential food applicationsPublication . Oliveira, Ana L. S.; Seara, Marta; Carvalho, Maria João; Carvalho, Nelson Mota de; Costa, Eduardo M.; Silva, Sara; Duarte, Marco; Pintado, Manuela; Oliveira, Carla; Madureira, Ana RaquelThe production of postbiotics for food applications has been growing in recent years owing to their biological potential and superior technological performance over probiotics. Their production involves the use of synthetic culture media, and in this work, we propose using sugarcane straw as a source of sugar and biological components and a sustainable alternative. Thus, this by-product was used as a substrate to produce a postbiotic extract using Saccharomyces cerevisiae as a fermentative microorganism. Sugarcane straw underwent a precedent saccharification step to release the fermentable sugars. The final extracts were characterized for their total content of sugars, phenolic compounds, organic acids, and their respective chromatographic profiles. Seventeen different polyphenols were identified with the predominance of three classes, the hydroxybenzoic acids, hydroxycinnamic acids, and flavonoids, where ferulic acid, 3,4-dihydroxybenzaldehyde, and 2,5-dihydroxybenzoic acid were most prevalent. The current work evaluated the potential use of this postbiotic extract for food applications, its antioxidant activity, gut microbiota modulatory effect, and intestinal anti-inflammatory potential. The resultant extracts showed considerable antioxidant activity and the ability to lower the pro-inflammatory mediators (i.e., interleukin 6, 8, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha) in Caco-2 cells. During the fecal fermentability assay, no modulatory effect was observed on the main beneficial bacteria, such as Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium. Nevertheless, a significant increase in short-chain fatty acids, namely, acetate, propionate, butyrate, and valerate was observed. Moreover, the extract also demonstrated capacity to inhibit the proliferation of putrefactive bacteria such as Enterobacteriaceae. Finally, sustainable postbiotic extracts produced by S. cerevisiae fermentation using sugarcane straw as a substrate exhibited relevant biological properties with potential use as food and nutraceutical ingredients.
- Quantitative PCR versus metagenomics for monitoring antibiotic resistance genes: balancing high sensitivity and broad coveragePublication . Ferreira, Catarina; Otani, Saria; Aarestrup, Frank Møller; Manaia, Célia M.The widespread occurrence of clinically relevant antibiotic resistance within humans, animals, and environment motivates the development of sensitive and accurate detection and quantification methods. Metagenomics and quantitative PCR (qPCR) are amongst the most used approaches. In this study, we aimed to evaluate and compare the performance of these methods to screen antibiotic resistance genes in animal faecal, wastewater, and water samples. Water and wastewater samples were from hospital effluent, different treatment stages of two treatment plants, and of the receiving river at the discharge point. The animal samples were from pig and chicken faeces. Antibiotic resistance gene coverage, sensitivity, and usefulness of the quantitative information were analyzed and discussed. While both methods were able to distinguish the resistome profiles and detect gradient stepwise mixtures of pig and chicken faeces, qPCR presented higher sensitivity for the detection of a few antibiotic resistance genes in water/wastewater. In addition, the comparison of predicted and observed antibiotic resistance gene quantifications unveiled the higher accuracy of qPCR. Metagenomics analyses, while less sensitive, provided a markedly higher coverage of antibiotic resistance genes compared to qPCR. The complementarity of both methods and the importance of selecting the best method according to the study purpose are discussed.
- Indicadores de qualidade aplicáveis aos serviços de cuidados paliativos pediátricos em PortugalPublication . Chagas, Valquiria Cardoso Alves; Rosa, Fernando Augusto Coelho; Lacerda, Ana Forjaz deIntrodução: Os serviços de cuidados paliativos pediátricos (CPP) têm se desenvolvido em todo o mundo nos últimos anos. Indicadores de qualidade (IQ) são instrumentos úteis e necessários para acompanhar este desenvolvimento. O presente estudo propõe- se reunir um conjunto de indicadores a serem aplicáveis aos serviços de CPP em Portugal. Metodologia: Estudo analítico desenvolvido em duas etapas: revisão sistemática da literatura (2000-2021) para identificação de IQs utilizados internacionalmente na área de CPP, seguida de determinação por consenso de grupo de peritos (recrutados por conveniência, entre profissionais com formação e experiência de trabalho em equipas intra-hospitalares de CPP) do conjunto de IQs adequados à realidade portuguesa atual. Resultados: A revisão sistemática identificou 368 possíveis IQs. Do consenso por grupo de peritos (cinco médicas, uma enfermeira) de equipas intra-hospitalares de CPP, um conjunto final de 82 IQs foi selecionado, do qual 34 foram apontados como essenciais (17 de estrutura, 12 de processo, 5 de resultado). O conjunto final de IQs contempla os aspetos considerados como mais relevantes do cuidar com qualidade em CPP, estando de acordo com as normas e orientações da comunidade científica e organizações internacionais. O conjunto de IQs considerados essenciais evidencia a atual preocupação dos peritos com adequadas condições da estrutura e do processo do cuidar para a obtenção de resultados de qualidade. Conclusão: O conjunto de IQs proposto, em especial os essenciais, possibilitará a medição e monitorização da qualidade dos CPP em Portugal, ao longo da implementação e crescimento de serviços, servindo aos doentes, às equipas, aos gestores e à sociedade. No futuro será importante rever estes IQs incorporando a visão de outros peritos, dos doentes e a realidade do desenvolvimento dos serviços.