Browsing by Issue Date, starting with "2022-01-12"
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- Bail-in : recapitalização interna : a panaceia da resolução bancária?Publication . Mendes, Carlota Martins Pereira da Silva; Figueiredo, André Lopes Teixeira de
- Intellectual (neo-) imperialism: the examples of “islam[ism(s)]” and “jihad[ism(s)]”Publication . Mohomed, CarimoIn any scientific endeavour, or considered as such, methodology and epistemology are paramount, not to mention ontology: what is the nature of the reality that we are studying? What is the nature of the knowledge that is being produced and its rationality? What are the methods applied to the field of study? However, when it to comes to “Islam”, the “Middle East”, or the “Orient”, the starting points are assumptions and truisms, particularly in “scientific” fields such as Political Science or International Relations, especially when the subject is the relation between politics and religion. In the last few decades, Islam has become a central point of reference for a wide range of political activities, arguments and opposition movements. The term “political Islam”, or “Islamism”, has been adopted by many scholars in order to identify this seemingly unprecedented irruption of Islamic religion into the secular domain of politics and thus to distinguish these practices from the forms of personal piety, belief, and ritual conventionally subsumed in Western scholarship under the unmarked category “Islam”. There have been tremendous, innumerable websites, voluminous publications and many projects on “Islamism(s)” and “Post-Islamism(s)”, the idea that political Islam had failed. However, when reality did not confirm that prediction, a new term was coined: “neo-Islamism”. This paper aims to explore the thesis that, as in other fields, these labels are nothing more than an attempt by Area Studies within Western academia to mould reality according to preconceived ideas and according to policy-oriented circles and funded by governmental organizations, and that, when dealing with “Islam” and “politics”, we are urgently in need of a different epistemology.
- Mart and the lab of investigation : artistic research and the hidden social life of art residenciesPublication . Castoldi, Federico; Abrantes, Ana Margarida MarcelinoThe current internship report refers to an internship experience at the MArt, a space for learning and artistic experimentation, in Lisbon, between September 2020 and February 2021. During this six-month period, the Laboratory of Investigation, a program developed for the MArt residency program in Lisbon, was developed. The Laboratory of Investigation (LoI) is a place to share, problematize and implement artistic investigation within the context of an art residency. The program will be presented and analyzed in this report in its projecting, unfolding and implementation firstly from a more practical level, namely by exploring the institutional conditions that favored its creation and its implementation; secondly, at a conceptual level, drawing from the material collected from the LoI’s two main activities, such as the research meeting and a collective installation which are presented and grouped by macro themes to show the general trends of interest. Thirdly, the results are analyzed through the lens of four main concepts, which are both the pillars of the laboratory as well as the conceptual tools that serve the analysis: affectivity, conviviality, materiality, and reflectivity. The LoI advocates for the importance of building a convivial environment in an art residency and it shows that one way to successfully do so is to reflect, share and document one’s research practice. By doing so, the LoI attempts to tackle two different yet complementary dimensions of an art residency that artist can experience namely its hidden social life and its more artistic and research-oriented aspects. Ultimately, the LoI shows that research can be a useful tool to move beyond disciplinary boundaries and it can be a vehicle for building more convivial environments.
- The cost of poor sleep in the portuguese economyPublication . Bandeira, Mariana Barata Correia Leitão; Reis, Cátia Cristina PeixinhoSleep is a basic human need and is essential for an individual’s attention, social relationships and the execution of simple or complex tasks (Valente et al., 2019) and one of the main purposes of sleep is to repair possible damage from an individual’s day to day (Adam & Oswald, 1977). However, poor sleep is a public health problem affecting a great number of people, which can be a consequence of clinical sleep disorders, such as Obstructive Sleep Apnea and Insomnia, and a consequence of sleep restrictions that are related either to work or lifestyle. Therefore, there is both a human cost and an economic cost associated with it, which makes it important to analyze as political decisions are mainly based on numbers and economic data. It is estimated that Portugal has an annual cost of 4.1 billion euros due to excessive daytime sleepiness, which is associated with other conditions that have been considered in this study (i.e. Congestive heart failure, Coronary artery disease, Cerebrovascular disease, Depression, Type 2 Diabetes, Workplace injury and Motor vehicle accidents). These costs were obtained by a Population Attributable Fraction (PAF) calculation and the incidence of the considered conditions in Portugal as well as the prevalence of Obstructive Sleep Apnea (0.89%) and Insomnia (28.1%) in Portugal. Other statistical analyses were conducted, in order to obtain the costs not only for excessive daytime sleepiness, but also for the conditions studied in this dissertation. Conclusions that can be made, are the fact that Portugal, having a population of only 10 million people, has higher estimated costs attributed to sleep when compared with other countries, such Spain or Australia.
- The role of working hours in the differences among portuguese, spanish and german cultural patterns in predicting work and wellbeing related variablesPublication . Castelo Branco, Duarte Maria de Vilhena Pinto de; Sousa, Maria Francisca de Saldanha Oliveira eRecently there has been a trend regarding the reduction of working hours among developed countries (Cygan-Rehm & Wunder, 2018). This because over the years multiple studies on the effect of long average weekly working hours on a variety of work and wellbeing related variables have proven that, in fact working long hours can have negatives effects on one’s wellbeing, satisfaction and productivity (Collewet, & Sauerann, 2017), and reductions in working hours generate robust and significant increases in job and leisure satisfaction (Lepinteur, 2018). Furthermore, the reason for some countries not to implement significant working hours reductions are still yet to be known. In the present study culture is thought to be the reason. For that same purpose The Hofstede Model (Hofstede, 1980), suggests that cultures can be characterized from the following six Cultural Dimensions: Power Distance, Uncertainty Avoidance, Individualism/Collectivism, Masculinity/Femininity, Long/ Short Term Orientation, and Indulgence/Restraint. In order to test the hypothesis that working hours have an effect on the relation between culture and some work and wellbeing related variables. A cross-sectional with a non-probabilistic sampling method study was carried out, using an online based questionnaire with 118 participants from Portugal, Germany and Spain. The data was statistically analyzed through correlations and a mediation model using PROCESS (Hays, 2020) in SPSS, where Portugal’s, Spain’s and Germany’s cultural patterns were introduced as the predictor variables, working hours as the mediator and the multiple work and wellbeing related variables as the outcome. Contrarily, to what was sought the mediation did not occur as there were no statistically significant results in the indirect effects of working hours. Despite this, cultural patterns do seem to have an effect on how working hours regimes are implemented differently in each of the mentioned countries according to their own cultural pattern.