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- Palliative care competencies in nephrology : a scoping reviewPublication . Mateus, Ana de Albuquerque Tomás; Capelas, Manuel Luís VilaIntroduction: The medical profession increasingly recognizes the growing need to educate nonpalliative physicians in palliative care. Political and opinion leaders are becoming more and more aware of the urgent and growing need to educate nonpalliative physicians in palliative care. Objective: The purpose of this study is to provide an overview of the information available in the literature on the topic of palliative care (PC) competencies for nephrologists, using well-defined and transparent methods to search, summarize, and interpret the relevant body of literature, following a systematic review approach. Methods: The scoping review is based on the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) methodology. The search was conducted in December 2019 using publications in national and international databases and Gray Literature in English, Spanish, French and Portuguese. Results: From a total of 4668 publications, 168 were eligible for the review based on the title and abstract. A full-text review of those 168 publications led to the selection of 26 articles, which met the pre-defined inclusion and exclusion criteria and therefore were included in the study. The competencies identified as necessary to deliver high-quality PC in the several nephrology settings are: communication skills (21,7%); end-of-life care (18,4%); pain and other kidney symptom control (17,3%); advance care planning (17,3%); ethical and legal issues in dialysis decision-making (13,4%); ability to apply psychosocial and spiritual support to patients and families (6,3%) and also an holistic approach including psychological, social, spiritual, religious and existential aspects of care (5,6%). The percentage refers to the number of publications where each topic is addressed. Conclusions: Implementing an integrated model of care, featuring both PC and curative treatments, puts high demands on nephrologists to acquire PC competencies. Palliative care education should be introduced in the trainee curricula of nephrology
- Medical competencies in palliative care for internal medicine residencyPublication . Araújo, Manuel Bernardo Clemente Figueira; Capelas, Manuel Luís VilaObjective: The objective of this review is to list the basic palliative competencies that should be acquired throughout the internal medicine residency program in Portugal. Introduction: Palliative care and the relief of suffering were described as the most neglected dimensions in public health in 2018 and the aging of the population is leading to an increase of chronic diseases. Being the main focus of internists, these are required to develop basic competencies in palliative care in order to assure universal palliative care access. In Portugal the Internal Medicine specialist curriculum is absent regarding palliative care competencies. Methods: This scoping review is based on JBI methodology. The search was conducted in December 2019. Inclusion Criteria: studies published in international data bases and grey literature in English, Spanish, French and Portuguese languages with no time limit with a clear description of competencies formulated for the internal medicine specialty. Results: A total of 5032 records from international databases and 15 from grey literature were obtained for analysis. From these 31 articles were included in this review. A total of 1064 competencies were listed from there documents. These competencies were sorted according to 7 domains: 1 Clinical competencies; 2 Psychosocial Issues; 3 Ethical, Legal aspects and Professionalism competencies; 4 Communication competencies; 5 Teamwork competencies; 6 health system network related competencies; 7 Competencies in Education and Evidence Based Medicine. After sorting and simplifying the listing, we obtained a total of 248 competencies. Conclusion: Internal medicine physicians provide palliative care to patients in their daily practice and have done so since ever. Whether one pursues specialization or not, all internists can, and should use, the growing knowledge of palliative medicine in their medical practice. With the data from this scope we hope to provide a tool that allows the elaboration of a formal curriculum for the internal medicine specialty.
- A tributação das plataformas colaborativas em sede de IVA : enquadramento e critérios norteadoresPublication . Romeiro, Rita Alexandra Vieira; Correia, Miguel Nuno Gonçalves
- O impacto do Caso Société Générale no design do FTT : o regresso do Robin dos Bosques?Publication . Pedro, Maria Margarida Conceição; Correia, Miguel Nuno Gonçalves
- Heinrich Hertz: de la física a la filosofía de la físicaPublication . Balsas, ÁlvaroEn su “proceso de conversión a las ondas hercianas”, partiendo de sus estudios sobre electrodinámica, Hertz elaboró una reflexión filosófica, de raíz kantiana, sobre el estatuto, objetivos, finalidad, resultados y límites de una teoría física, últimamente reconducible a leyes simples de la mecánica. Dado que los mismos fenómenos físicos pueden ser descritos por una multiplicidad de teorías — que son “imágenes” o “representaciones” de la estructura legal de las relaciones causales de objectos reales —, ellas no dicen como es ontológicamente la naturaleza, sino como la vestimos para conocer correctamente las previsiones experimentales, sin ambigüedad. Consecuentemente, los experimentos testan la corrección (validad) de una teoría y no su veracidad. Para elegir entre teoríasimagen y llegar a su núcleo más simple y común, Hertz presenta tres criterios metodológicos, exigiendo a la vez que la estructura teórica de los principios de la mecánica sea hipotético-deductiva. Su propuesta consiste, pues, en juntar una filosofía con una geometrización de la mecánica.