Browsing by Issue Date, starting with "2021-03-01"
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- The Cambridge economic tradition and the distribution of the social surplusPublication . Martins, Nuno OrnelasVarious research projects in economics developed at Cambridge share common philosophical presuppositions, within what can be termed as the Cambridge economic tradition. I argue here that the Cambridge economic tradition can be distinguished from other traditions in terms of its underlying ontology, methodology and ethics, and also in terms of the way in which those philosophical presuppositions are expressed in competing theoretical approaches to the distribution of the social surplus. I also distinguish between an economic tradition and a school of economics and note that various schools have existed within the Cambridge economic tradition. The various Cambridge schools can themselves be identified in terms of the specific analytical frameworks they adopted when addressing the distribution of the social surplus.
- Effectiveness of social prescribing programs in the primary health-care context: a systematic literature reviewPublication . Costa, Andreia; Sousa, C. Joana; Seabra, Paulo Rosário Carvalho; Virgolino, Ana; Santos, Osvaldo; Lopes, Joaquim; Henriques, Adriana; Nogueira, Paulo; Alarcão, VioletaSocial prescribing (SP) is an approach that promotes the use of local non-clinical activities by people. The referral is usually made by primary health-care professionals, in a process wherein local providers play a pivotal role. The main objective of this study was to identify domains of intervention and evidence about the effectiveness of SP programs regarding health-related outcomes. A systematic literature review was carried out following Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. A literature search was conducted in PubMed, CINHAL, and SCOPUS. Inclusion criteria of the reviewed papers were as follows: (i) effectiveness studies of interventions designated as SP or interventions entailing SP conceptual components; (ii) interventions with adults. Quality assessment was performed with the Cochrane tool for assessing risk of bias in randomized trials; an assessment tool developed by the US National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute was applied to observational studies. Overall, 13 articles were included for analysis, with a total of 4603 patients. Although three studies comprised a control group, only two followed a randomized controlled trials (RCT) design. Nine principal domains of intervention within SP were identified, with three categories of outcome measures: Physical and psychological wellbeing; Health behaviors and self-efficacy; and Health care resources end economic evaluation. SP is an emergent and promising health-care intervention, and it has been used to promote different health behaviors. Evidence of SP effectiveness on patient’s health and wellbeing is not strong. Further research is needed for understanding how SP can be applied efficiently.
- Otimização do Bloco OperatórioPublication . Lopes, Inês Ventura; Carvalho, Eduardo Luís Ribeirinha Cardoso deDevido à evolução dos serviços de saúde, constatou-se um consequente aumento do grau de exigência por parte dos utentes, numa perspetiva crescente de resultados e de números. No entanto, com a prestação de cuidados mais diferenciados e, simultaneamente, com a dificuldade de alcançar estas metas surge o crescimento dos custos de produção destes serviços. A solução mais sustentável recorre à racionalização de recursos, evitando o desperdício e, consequentemente, maximizando a rentabilização dos mesmos. Neste relatório de estágio o objetivo será otimizar o bloco operatório do Hospital da Prelada, ou seja, para que este obtenha um rendimento ótimo e por consequência os melhores resultados possíveis, abordando-se principalmente a rentabilização dos recursos humanos, tendo por base a análise do funcionamento dos Blocos Operatórios do Hospital da Prelada. Nesse sentido, fez-se o levantamento de dados que consistiu nas horas de início e fim de cada cirurgia por especialidade e por sala. Com os dados fornecidos procedeu-se ao cálculo do tempo de rotação, duração e atrasos de cada cirurgia realizada no ano de 2019. Neste contexto surge o desafio de avaliar a eficiência de uma das unidades mais críticas de uma unidade de saúde, como é o caso do bloco operatório. Na segunda fase, depois de realizada uma análise crítica detalhada dos dados, apresentou-se as causas de ineficiência do BO e custos associados à sobreutilização e subutilização terminando com algumas respostas para uma otimização do bloco operatório do Hospital Prelada.
- Post-traumatic stress disorder in the military police of Rio de Janeiro: can a risk profile be identified?Publication . Campos, Fernanda Dias; Chambel, Maria José; Lopes, Sílvia; Dias, Paul C.Background: Significant exposure to critical incidents characteristic of military police work has a potentially traumatic effect and multiple consequences for the mental health of these professionals, such as Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD). This study aims to investigate the occurrence of PTSD in this occupational group and its correlations with socio-demographic and occupational variables. Methods: This is a cross-sectional study of Rio de Janeiro’s Military Police officers (n = 3.577). Data was collected from self-reported questionnaires applied in an institutional health program. Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder Checklist—Civilian version was used to assess PTSD. Results: Rates of 16.9% for full PTSD and 26.7% for partial PTSD were found. Based on logistic regression analysis, female officers and police officers in lower ranks of the military hierarchy and performing administrative duties were found to be at most risk of developing PTSD. Conclusions: These results suggest the need to further understand the predictive organizational and individual variables of PTSD correlated with the increased vulnerability of professionals in order to contribute to institutional policies for the prevention and rehabilitation of these cases.
- Study of a new artisanal chocolate from São Tomé : from the sensory profile to the consumer's perceptionPublication . Dias, Patrícia Ferreira; Guimarães, Alexandre; Faria, Maria João Nepomuceno P. Monteiro Palermo deChocolate is one of the most enjoyable foods around the globe. It has multiple uses and originates several products, being unlikely do not like it. However, there is a market segment where chocolates are usually associated with poor quality and flavour, the sugar-free market, thus creating a business opportunity for the companies. Therefore, in order to broaden the range of products offered by the company and to overcome this market flaw, a bar of dark chocolate from São Tomé without sugar was created. The sugar was replaced by a mixture of sweeteners: erythritol and stevia. Both have several advantages, one of them being the low glycemic index, important when developing a new product that can be consumed by people with diabetes. In order to understand if the chocolate bar was ready to be launched in the market, several sensory tests were conducted: the sensory profile was established using trained panelists and a consumer acceptance was evaluated. The results showed that the chocolate bar developed had a much more interesting sensory profile than the competitor chocolates evaluated, and it was also better accepted by consumers. These results, in part, attributed to its origin, since the chocolate from São Tomé is known to have an excellent quality. Nevertheless, drivers of further improvement were uncovered regarding the level of sweetness and the aftertaste. All in all, this chocolate presented itself as a good starting point for excellent sugar-free chocolate.
- A influência da cultura participativa e do social media marketing nos produtos televisivosPublication . Figueiredo, Mariana Miranda; Jorge, Ana Margarida Ferreira RatoCom o aparecimento de novos media digitais o ecossistema mediático alterou-se substancialmente, influenciando determinantemente todos os aspetos da vida humana. Por conseguinte, emerge da cultura de convergência, a qual representa uma tentativa de capturar esta paisagem mediática em mudança e contraditória, onde os velhos e novos media se cruzam e estabelecem relações complexas entre si. Destaca-se enquanto principal manifestação cultural da convergência o ímpeto da cultura participativa, decisiva na revolução que se assiste da televisão tradicional. Destarte, é imperativo repensar a estratégia de comunicação dos produtos televisivos, integrando no seu planeamento o social media marketing, bem como evidenciar a importância crescente da cultura de celebridades. Assim, pretende compreender-se de que forma evoluíram e foram adaptadas as estratégias de marketing de produtos televisivos ao contexto mediático convergente, utilizando o estudo de caso d’O Programa da Cristina para observar os fenómenos comunicacionais e culturais em estudo. As técnicas de investigação utilizadas foram a análise documental do Relatório Digital de 2019 do Grupo Impresa, a análise de conteúdos do Instagram da SIC e do Instagram d’O Programa da Cristina e a análise de entrevistas à Gestora de Marca SIC e à Gestora de Marketing Digital da SIC. O presente relatório de estágio conclui que não só a televisão está a ser revolucionada, mas também a experiência dos consumidores está a ser redefinida progredindo, certamente, para uma mais interativa. Assim, a estratégia de comunicação dos produtos televisivos ultrapassa as fronteiras desse media, impondo-se nas redes sociais, utilizando ferramentas para criar envolvimento e proximidade com o público, para incentivá-lo a migrar do ambiente digital para a televisão. Também o fator ‘celebridade’ é determinante para o sucesso da estratégia digital e para o sucesso dos produtos televisivos.
- Rússia, Cambridge Analytica e as eleições presidenciais Norte-Americanas de 2016 : o ciberespaço como o mais recente domínio da conflitualidade políticaPublication . Oliveira, João António França de; Pinto, Luís ValençaA Eleição Presidencial dos Estados Unidos em 2016 ficará para sempre marcada pela interferência da Rússia e pelo envolvimento da Cambridge Analytica. Nesta eleição, a ideia de que a tecnologia digital, as redes sociais, a internet e o ciberespaço fariam do mundo um lugar mais aberto e livre foi desafiada, dado que Rússia e Cambridge Analytica instrumentalizaram estes meios para, através de desinformação, prejudicarem um candidato e enaltecerem outro, conduzindo o eleitorado a votar, não com base em factos, mas com base em narrativas criadas. Neste trabalho, procuraremos mostrar como é que o Estado soberano e autoritário da Rússia, bem como a firma Cambridge Analytica, usaram a liberdade de expressão e a livre circulação de informação, que tão queridos são às democracias liberais, para veicular desinformação, numa tentativa de manipular a escolha democrática dum novo líder político através da tecnologia digital. Tendo em conta que estes esforços de manipulação ocorreram sobretudo no ciberespaço, um domínio cada vez mais acessível e presente na vida das populações, em que a evolução tecnológica é extraordinariamente veloz, e que já quatros anos passaram desde a eleição, procuraremos, também, tecer considerações acerca do que será possível fazer no ciberespaço no futuro, que capacidades cibernéticas existirão e que riscos comportarão, bem como acerca de qual será o papel do ciberespaço enquanto quinto domínio de conflito, ao lado dos domínios da Terra, do Mar, do Ar e do Espaço.
- Evaluation of food waste at a Portuguese geriatric institutionPublication . Martins, Margarida Liz; Henriques, Ana Sofia; Rocha, AdaCare institutions attending to older adults are responsible for their food supply, which influences their health and quality of life. Food waste at care institutions has been reported to be a matter of great concern, that requires regular monitoring. In this study, we aim to quantify food waste in the food service of an elderly institution, both as leftovers and plate waste. Data collection was performed over 15 consecutive days, at lunch and dinner served to older adults. The aggregate weighing of food was performed before and after distribution, as well as after consumption. Leftovers and plate waste were calculated by the differences in weight. During the study period, 2987 meals were evaluated, corresponding to 1830 kg of food produced, of which only 67% was consumed. For each meal, approximately 610 g of food was produced per older adult, and only about 410 g were consumed, corresponding to 150 g of leftovers and 50 g of plate waste. Food waste rep-resented 36.1% of meals served, composed of 24.1% leftovers and 12.0% plate waste. The wasted meals would be enough to feed 1486 older adults and would correspond to annual losses of approximately €107112. Leftovers and plate waste were above the limits of acceptability (below 6% and 10%, respectively), indicating excessive food waste. High values of leftovers are related to the food service system and staff, pointing to the need for improvements during the planning and processing of meals. On the other hand, high plate waste values are associated with consumers, indicating the low adequacy of the menu regarding to older adults’ habits and preferences.
- O papel do reader na análise da narrativa ficcionalPublication . Vicente, Mariana Costa Silva; Torres, Eduardo Cintra CoimbraNeste relatório de estágio a que chamámos “O Papel do reader na análise da narrativa ficcional”, procurou-se estudar a nova aposta na função de reader. A grande oferta diversificada e procura de conteúdos audiovisuais por parte dos espectadores induziu um maior sentido crítico na análise dos projetos para produção, visto que a margem para erro tende a ser menor. O processo da escrita é o primeiro de várias etapas de longa duração e de grande investimento. Neste sentido, é importante a aposta numa função única e exclusivamente específica para a análise crítica do guião. A função de reader, mais reconhecida em meios audiovisuais internacionais, começa a ganhar destaque em Portugal, sendo uma nova aposta a longo prazo da empresa SP Televisão, onde decorreu o estágio. O estudo dos elementos inerentes ao guião de uma narrativa ficcional e do seu processo de escrita tem como finalidade responder à questão de partida que se relaciona com as regras de análise que se podem colocar a um guião, de modo a saber analisar o seu potencial. Com base num enquadramento teórico e na entrevista a profissionais no meio audiovisual português e internacional, seguimos para a proposta de um modelo de análise da narrativa ficcional, capaz de nortear a escrita de um relatório do reader, que posteriormente tentamos exemplificar como poderia ser feita a sua aplicação com o guião do primeiro episódio da telenovela Nazaré.
- Pilot study: the training of health professionals about genetically modified food from the perspective of the Science, technology and societyPublication . Vieira, Isabella R. F.; Brandão, Teresa R. S.; Pinto, Elisabete; Silva, MargaridaThe objective of this work was to establish and assess a training module for Nutrition Sciences and Medical Sciences in relation to transgenic food, and additionally to contribute to the construction of a comprehensive learning concept involving scientific, technological and social knowledge. This module is an integrative and multidisciplinary proposal that studies the transgenic foods currently on the market through an integrated scientific, technological and societal approach. The topics offered in the module were: genetics, health, the environment, legislation, ethics, controversies, concerns, visions of the various stakeholders, the scientific method, uncertainty and the precautionary principle. Was evaluated from September to December 2018 through a questionnaire and interview. Were analyzed in the program SPSS, and the interviews in the program Nvivo using content analysis techniques. Participants include: 7 nutritionists and 7 physicians. The structure of the training module presented is innovative and has its genesis in the current Transgenic food state of art. It has been found that both physicians and nutritionists agree with most of the topics. For both nutritionists and physicians, topics with a greater level of agreement were related to “Health” and the lowest level of agreement regarded “Stakeholders’ insight”. For the interviewees, the module’s contents are well structured, comprehensive, well explained and organized by topic. With unanimity, the individuals involved in this study agree and consider the themes presented in the module structure to be important, although there is a difference between the courses of nutrition science and medicine regarding the way in which training is offered as well as differences in some content.