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- Sequential injection system with in-line solid phase extraction and soil minicolumn for determination of zinc and copper in soil leachatesPublication . Paluch, Justyna; Mesquita, Raquel B. R.; Cerdà, Victor; Kozak, Joanna; Wieczorek, Marcin; Rangel, António O. S. S.A sequential injection (SI) system equipped with in-line solid phase extraction column and in-line soil minicolumn is proposed for determination of zinc and copper in soil leachates. The spectrophotometric determination (560 nm) is based on the reaction of both analytes with 1-(2-Pyridylazo)-2-naphthol (PAN). Zinc is determined after retaining copper on a cationic resin (Chelex100) whereas copper is determined from the difference of the absorbance measured for both analytes, introduced into the system with the use of a different channel, and zinc absorbance. The influence of several potential interferences was studied. Using the developed method, zinc and copper were determined within the concentration ranges of 0.005–0.300 and 0.011–0.200 mg L−1, and with a relative standard deviation lower than 6.0% and 5.1%, respectively. The detection limits are 1.4 and 3.0 μg/L for determination of zinc and copper, respectively. The developed SI method was verified by the determination of both analytes in synthetic and certified reference materials of water samples, and applied to the determination of the analytes in rain water and soil leachates from laboratory scale soil core column and in-line soil mini-column.
- Economia circular : reaproveitamento de frutos e hortícolas através do processo de desidratação numa cadeia de retalho alimentarPublication . Ferreira, Sara Josefina Leal; Lago, José Pedro de Sá; Gomes, Ana MariaCerca de um terço dos alimentos produzidos mundialmente acabam no lixo. O desperdício alimentar é um problema global com consequências insustentáveis a nível ambiental, social e económico. No retalho alimentar o desperdício é inevitável e acontece maioritariamente no setor dos produtos frescos, sendo os frutos e hortícolas (F&H) os mais suscetíveis. Os principais drivers deste desperdício incluem a quebra da cadeia de frio, os prazos de validade extremamente limitados e o mau manuseamento pelos retalhistas e pelo consumidor. Até ao momento já várias iniciativas de combate ao desperdício têm sido implementadas pelos retalhistas nomeadamente as doações a instituições, a redução de preço de produtos em fim de validade e a recuperação de alimentos sem valor comercial pela transformação em outros vendáveis, como a produção de saladas de fruta ou compotas a partir de frutos de menor qualidade. Da atual tendência de alimentação saudável associada ao aumento do tempo de vida útil dos alimentos através do processo de desidratação surge a ideia do reaproveitamento de F&H sem valor comercial para a produção de snacks desidratados. Este trabalho tem como objetivo avaliar a viabilidade do modelo de negócio e do potencial reaproveitamento de 30% da quebra de F&H pelo processo de desidratação. A fase de análise do projeto passou pelo estudo detalhado das tendências de mercado, do processo de desidratação e pela caraterização do produto e análise da quebra de F&H, com posterior criação do modelo de negócio. O modelo de negócio incluiu uma centralização estratégica da unidade de produção no entreposto da Sonae MC suprida pela quebra de F&H de seis lojas da empresa, de proximidade e com maior volume de produto. A desidratação de F&H sem valor comercial não tinha sido considerada anteriormente pelo retalho alimentar nacional ou internacional porém pode representar um novo rumo no combate ao desperdício.
- Segredos de negócio : a Diretiva (UE) 2016/943Publication . Costa, Júlia Freire Sombreireiro Mendes da; Mendes, Evaristo Ferreira
- Performance management systems in the public sector : the case study of STCPPublication . Barbosa, Filipa Osório de Castro; Marques, Luís Manuel Dionísio; Alves, Paulo Alexandre PimentaThis dissertation explores performance management supported in a case study applied to STCP, the main public transport operator in the city of Porto, in Portugal, which was under the full command of Troika in a recent past. Over the past two decades, the introduction of performance management has been one of the most well-known international developments in public management. On the other hand, reforms in the scope of the New Public Management movement have led to major changes in the management of public sector organisations, based on the adoption of private sector management techniques and the concept of competitive markets. The goals of these organisations are notoriously ambiguous and the selection of appropriate performance measures is known to be difficult, therefore, this dissertation aims to describe and analyse STCP’s performance management system and the impacts caused by Troika on it, focusing on the strategy definition. The achievement of the interviews based on the Ferreira and Otley review, the direct observation and documental analysis allowed the characterisation of this system over time, including the period under the command of a financial assistance programme. In 2000, the creation of the management system based on objectives for departments and employees was laid, however, some years later, with the financial crisis, the management of STCP under the sphere of Troika, inhibited decisions taken by the Board of Directors. In the recent years, the company is giving the first steps out of the external intervention showing some lack of orientation. In 2018, the delivery of the management of the STCP to six municipalities of the Metropolitan area of Porto is following the trend to decentralise public services and answering to the pressures to improve their efficiency. The municipalities are considered as being better positioned to manage public transport in their areas of activity, providing a better alignment and more proximity between the company and the local citizens’ necessities.