Browsing by Author "Marques, Bianca"
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- A comprehensive review of fish protein hydrolysates targeting pet food formulationsPublication . Ribeiro, Tânia Bragança; Maia, Margarida R. G.; Fonseca, António J. M.; Marques, Bianca; Caleja, Cristina; Rosa, Ana; Martins, Rui; Almeida, André; Mota, Maria J.; Aires, Tiago; Rocha, Cristina M. R.; Teixeira, José A.; Cabrita, Ana R. J.; Barros, Lillian; Pintado, ManuelaThe fish industry generates significant amounts of fish by- and co-products (FBCPs) annually, projected to reach 160.8 million tonnes by 2030. This growth highlights the urgent need for sustainable FBCP management and an opportunity to improve the sector's environmental sustainability. Fish protein hydrolysates (FBCPHs) and bioactive peptides (BPs) derived from these FBCPs are gaining recognition in the pet food sector for their nutritional and bioactives benefits. FBCPHs, primarily sourced from category 3 by-products unsuitable for human consumption, could significantly enhance the economic viability of both industries. This review analyzes production processes, highlighting the benefits and challenges of enzymatic hydrolysis and reviewed emerging technologies such as subcritical water hydrolysis (SWH), which are promising sustainable alternatives by enhancing extraction efficiency and reducing energy consumption. The review explores FBCPHs' applications in pet food, focusing on beneficial biological activities (e.g. antioxidant, prebiotic, neuroprotective). Findings show FBCPHs have significant potential in pet food formulations, providing palatability, hypoallergenic benefits, and addressing health concerns like gastrointestinal disorders and stress-related behaviors. However, further research is required to optimize production processes, scale industrial application, and ensure regulatory compliance. In conclusion, FBCPHs present a valuable solution for promoting sustainability, improving pet nutrition, and supporting the circular economy.
- Effect of the dietary inclusion of blood hydrolysates on European seabass response to stressPublication . Resende, Daniela; Pereira, Ricardo; Velasco, Cristina; Domínguez, David; Pereira, Miguel; Pereira, Carlos; Marques, Bianca; Rocha, Cristina; Pintado, Manuela; Valente, Luísa M. P.
- European seabass response to air exposure: impact of dietary inclusion of bioactive blood hydrolysatesPublication . Resende, Daniela; Pereira, Ricardo; Velasco, Cristina; Domínguez, David; Pereira, Miguel; Pereira, Carlos; Marques, Bianca; Rocha, Cristina; Lima, Rui Costa; Pintado, Manuela; Valente, Luísa M. P.In aquaculture farms, fish are subjected to stress situations, which induce oxidative stress through an imbalance between the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and the scavenging activity of antioxidants. Diet supplementation with functional ingredients to modulate oxidative stress after air exposure was investigated, using bioactive peptides from swine blood hydrolysates (BH), within a circular economy context. Three swine BH were obtained by autohydrolysis (AH) or enzymatically. The enzymatically produced BH were further submitted to a micro- (MF) or nanofiltration (NF). Five isolipidic and isoproteic diets for European seabass were developed: a fishmeal (FM) based diet (positive control, PC), a commercial-based diet where 50% of FM was replaced by vegetable proteins (negative control, NC) and three diets where 3% of each BH was added to the NC. Diets were assigned to triplicate groups of 71 European seabass juveniles (initial weight 12.3 ± 1.4 g), and fed to apparent satiation in a recirculating saltwater system. After 12 weeks, 9 fish per treatment were either immediately sampled or air-exposed for 1 minute and let to recover for 6 hours prior to sampling, in which plasma and liver were collected. Plasmatic cortisol and lactate were elevated for all diets after the air exposure, without differences among diets. Glucose levels were unaffected by diet or stress. Regarding liver oxidative stress markers, lipid peroxidation (LPO) tended to increase after air exposure. Considering the non-stressed fish, MF diet led to the lowest LPO, being significantly lower than the AH, and similar to the remaining diets. Protein oxidation decreased in stressed fish, but did not differ among diets. Liver catalase was significantly lower in NC, NF and AH groups compared to PC and increased after stress. Superoxide dismutase activity was lower for AH and PC diets than for the MF, and it was reduced in stressed fish. The stress response triggered by air exposure involved increased cortisol levels, followed by an increment in plasma lactate. However, none of the BH improved plasma stress response. The stress challenge increased liver LPO through ROS accumulation under oxidative stress. Carbonyls decreased post-stress, likely due to a feedback interaction with the LPO radicals, which reduced protein oxidation. The NF, composed of smaller peptides than the other BH, may modulate European seabass antioxidant defences by lowering catalase levels without increasing LPO, suggesting it could provide exogenous antioxidants to counteract ROS-induced oxidative stress.
- Inclusion of blood hydrolysates in European seabass (D. labrax) diets: impact on nutrient retention and fish resistance to T. maritimum infectionPublication . Resende, Daniela; Costas, Benjamin; Sá, Tiago; Golfetto, Umberto; Machado, Marina; Pereira, Miguel; Pereira, Carlos; Marques, Bianca; Pereira, Ricardo; Pintado, Manuela; Valente, Luisa M. P.Bioactive peptides are small amino acid chains with interesting properties (beyond their nutritional value), including antioxidant, mineral-binding, immunomodulatory or antimicrobial activities [1]. In this study, we hypothesised that including blood hydrolysates (BH) in aquafeeds could promote fish robustness, increase the economic value of animal blood and minimize waste, contributing to a circular economy. Additionally, BH with antimicrobial properties may address the T. maritimum infections that occur in aquaculture farms, with high impact on fish health, well-being and aquaculture production. Three fractions of swine BH obtained by autohydrolysis (AH) or enzymatically were selected. AH was oven dried. The BH obtained enzymatically were further submitted to a micro- (MF) and nanofiltration (NF) and freeze-dried. Dried hydrolysates were then included in five isolipidic and isoproteic diets for European seabass: a fishmeal (FM) based diet (positive control, PC), a commercial-based diet where 50% of FM was replaced by vegetable proteins (negative control, NC) and three diets where 3% of each BH was added to the NC. Diets were assigned to triplicate groups of 71 juveniles (initial weight 12.3±1.4 g), fed three times daily until apparent satiation in a recirculating saltwater system. Growth, nutrient utilisation and whole-body composition were evaluated after 12 weeks. At the end of the trial, ten fish per tank were infected with Tenacibaculum maritimum (3.5×105 cfu/L), in a two-hour water bath, and mortality was assessed for 8 days. Fish fed PC had the highest final weight, followed by NC and NF. The NC had a significantly higher weight than the MF and AH groups. Specific growth rate (SGR) and feed conversion ratio (FCR) of fish fed NF showed no significant differences from those fed PC and NC. Fish fed AH also displayed similar SGR to those fed NF and NC, but differed significantly from the MF. Despite no significant differences among treatments regarding final body composition, lipid and energy retention and gain were lowest in fish fed MF, which also had the lowest condition factor. Protein retention was unaffected by dietary treatments. Regarding the infectious challenge, NF had the lowest mortality rate that differed significantly from the NC and MF groups. Mortality for fish fed AH and PC did not differ from NF. MF showed the highest mortality. Overall, results indicate that dietary supplementation with NF clearly improves the resistance of European seabass to T. maritimum without affecting growth rate and can hence become a valuable ingredient for this species.
- Solubilization and hydrolysis of porcine coagulated blood protein using sub-critical solvent extractionPublication . Marques, Bianca; Nunes, Rafaela; Araújo-Rodrigues, Helena; Pintado, Manuela; Pereira, Ricardo N.; Teixeira, José A.; Rocha, Cristina M. R.Pork represents a major fraction of the meat consumed worldwide but only 30% of the blood generated in slaughterhouses is re-used as raw material for food and feed. Innovative technologies and efficient processing strategies capable of generating added-value products from it are now attracting attention. In this study, the hydrolysis of porcine coagulated blood using sub-critical solvent extraction was investigated. Biomass was hydrolyzed using different temperatures (120–210 °C), applying only water (sub-critical water; SCW) or water with a low concentration of alkali (0.1 mol L−1 NaOH) and different reaction times (30–90 min). Resultant hydrolysates were analyzed for crude and soluble protein, peptide profile, and bioactivity by combining protein quantification, antioxidant activity, and fast protein liquid chromatography measurements. Results showed that increasing temperature increases the degree of hydrolysis and that the addition of NaOH enhances the solubilization of peptides with high molecular weights. Also, hydrolysates showed interesting antioxidant activity, being 60 min the time of reaction with best antioxidant activity. Nevertheless, using only water (SCW) as solvent, without chemical additives, allows the delivering of interesting protein-based bioactive fractions. Sub-critical solvent treatment of porcine blood resulted in added-value fractions with potential bioactivities through a simple and environmentally friendly process.