Browsing by Author "Heuvelink, Ep"
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- Avoiding high relative air humidity during critical stages of leaf ontogeny is decisive for stomatal functioningPublication . Fanourakis, Dimitrios; Carvalho, Susana M. P.; Almeida, Domingos M. P.; Domingos, P.F.; Heuvelink, EpPlants of several species, if grown at high relative air humidity (RH >= 85%), develop stomata that fail to close fully in case of low leaf water potential. We studied the effect of a reciprocal change in RH, at different stages of leaf expansion of Rosa hybrida grown at moderate (60%) or high (95%) RH, on the stomatal closing ability. This was assessed by measuring the leaf transpiration rate in response to desiccation once the leaves had fully expanded. For leaves that started expanding at high RH but completed their expansion after transfer to moderate RH, the earlier this switch took place the better the stomatal functioning. Leaves initially expanding at moderate RH and transferred to high RH exhibited poor stomatal functioning, even when this transfer occurred very late during leaf expansion. Applying a daily abscisic acid (ABA) solution to the leaves of plants grown at continuous high RH was effective in inducing stomatal closure at low water potential, if done before full leaf expansion (FLE). After FLE, stomatal functioning was no longer affected either by the RH or ABA level. The results indicate that the degree of stomatal adaptation depends on both the timing and duration of exposure to high RH. It is concluded that stomatal functionality is strongly dependent on the humidity at which the leaf completed its expansion. The data also show that the effect of ambient RH and the alleviating role of ABA are restricted to the period of leaf expansion.
- Controlo da altura de plantas ornamentais: alternativas sustentáveis aos reguladores de crescimentoPublication . Carvalho, Susana M. P.; Almeida, Domingos P. F.; Heuvelink, EpA necessidade de encontrar estratégias sustentáveis eficazes no controlo da altura da planta é actualmente um grande desafio que se coloca à horticultura ornamental protegida. Este estudo teve como objectivo: (1) analisar a informação disponível acerca dos factores que afectam a altura das plantas; (2) compreender os mecanismos fisiológicos envolvidos no processo de alongamento do caule; (3) definir alternativas sustentáveis para produzir plantas compactas, reduzindo ao mínimo a aplicação de „reguladores químicos de crescimento‟. Concluiu-se que manter uma temperatura nocturna superior à temperatura diurna (DIF negativa ou tratamento DROP) ou a alteração do espectro luminoso (elevado rácio vermelho/vermelho-longínquo) apresentam um forte potencial como métodos não químicos no controlo da altura de várias espécies de plantas ornamentais. Oaumento do rácio vermelho/vermelho-longínquo, poderáser efectuado de diferentes modos incluindo a utilização defilmes fotosselectivose/ourecorrendoa um conjunto de medidas facilmente aplicáveis tais como:(i) evitar densidades de plantação muito elevadas; (ii) utilização de luz suplementar com elevado rácio vermelho/vermelho-longínquo (ex. lâmpadas de assimilação em substituição de lâmpadas incandescentes); (iii) evitar a exposição das plantas à radiação do crepúsculo (devido à diminuição natural do rácio vermelho/vermelho-longínquo). O stress mecânico é também uma medida eficaz para a manutenção de plantas compactas em determinadas espécies. Paralelamente, o recurso ao Melhoramento de plantas no sentido de seleccionar cultivares ananicantes poderá ser bastante promissor. Porém, na maioria dos casos, não será uma medida única que permitirá a obtenção de plantas compactas, mas a combinação de várias estratégias.
- Controlo da altura de plantas ornamentais: alternativas sustentáveis aos reguladores de crescimentoPublication . Carvalho, Susana M. P.; Almeida, Domingos P. F.; Heuvelink, Ep
- Controlo da altura de plantas ornamentais: alternativas sustentáveis aos reguladores de crescimentoPublication . Carvalho, Susana M. P.; Almeida, Domingos P. F.; Heuvelink, Ep
- Dynamics of stomatal adaptation in rose leaves exposed to long-term high relative air humidityPublication . Fanourakis, Dimitrios; Carvalho, Susana; Heuvelink, Ep
- Effect of high relative air humidity on the cuticular water permeability, and its significance on the leaf water balancePublication . Fanourakis, Dimitrios; Carvalho, Susana M. P.; Tapia, Alejandra; Heuvelink, Ep
- Effect of high relative air humidity on the water uptake components of cut rosesPublication . Fanourakis, Dimitrios; Carvalho, Susana M. P.; Gebraeqziabher, Habtamu; Leperen, Wim van; Heuvelink, Ep
- Eficiência energética em crisântemo e tomatePublication . Carvalho, Susana M.P.; Ploeg, Anke van der; Heuvelink, Ep
- Elevated air movement enhances stomatal sensitivity to abscisic acid in leaves developed at high relative air humidityPublication . Carvalho, Dália R. A.; Torre, Sissel; Kraniotis, Dimitrios; Almeida, Domingos P. F.; Heuvelink, Ep; Carvalho, Susana M. P.High relative air humidity (RH ≥ 85%) during growth leads to stomata malfunctioning, resulting in water stress when plants are transferred to conditions of high evaporative demand. In this study, we hypothesized that an elevated air movement (MOV) 24 h per day, during the whole period of leaf development would increase abscisic acid concentration ([ABA]) enhancing stomatal functioning. Pot rose 'Toril' was grown at moderate (61%) or high (92%) RH combined with a continuous low (0.08 m s-1) or high (0.92 m s-1) MOV. High MOV reduced stomatal pore length and aperture in plants developed at high RH. Moreover, stomatal function improved when high MOV-treated plants were subjected to leaflet desiccation and ABA feeding. Endogenous concentration of ABA and its metabolites in the leaves was reduced by 35% in high RH, but contrary to our hypothesis this concentration was not significantly affected by high MOV. Interestingly, in detached leaflets grown at high RH, high MOV increased stomatal sensitivity to ABA since the amount of exogenous ABA required to decrease the transpiration rate was significantly reduced. This is the first study to show that high MOV increases stomatal functionality in leaves developed at high RH by reducing the stomatal pore length and aperture and enhancing stomatal sensitivity to ABA rather than increasing leaf [ABA].
- Enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidant responses of young tomato plants (cv. micro-tom) to single and combined mild nitrogen and water deficit: not the sum of the partsPublication . Machado, Joana; Vasconcelos, Marta W.; Soares, Cristiano; Fidalgo, Fernanda; Heuvelink, Ep; Carvalho, Susana M. P.This study aims to perform a broad analysis of the antioxidant (AOX) responses of young tomato plants exposed to single and combined mild nitrogen (N) and water deficits through the evaluation of oxidative biomarkers, non-enzymatic and enzymatic AOX components. ‘Micro-Tom’ seedlings were subjected to four treatments: control (CTR; 100%N + 100%W), N deficit (N; 50%N), water deficit (W; 50%W), and combined deficits (N + W; 50%N + 50%W). An enhancement of several non-enzymatic and enzymatic components was found in plants subjected to N + W deficit, which presented higher anthocyanins accumulation (up to 103%) as well as higher levels of superoxide dismutase (SOD) transcripts at root level and of ascorbate peroxidase (APX) and catalase (CAT) transcripts at shoot level. This increase in the gene expression was also translated in augmented SOD (up to 202%), APX (up to 155%) and CAT (up to 108%) activity compared to CTR plants and the single deficits. Overall, tomato plants were able to employ defense strategies to cope with this combined deficit, as demonstrated by the higher total AOX capacity (up to 87%) compared to the single deficits, which contributed to the maintenance of their redox homeostasis, with unchanged values of lipid peroxidation and hydrogen peroxide compared with CTR plants.
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