Browsing by Author "Bordalo, R."
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- Analytical characterization of copper-based metal sculptures in Portugal in 1880-1990: the artwork of Soares dos ReisPublication . General-Toro, P.; Bottaini, C.; Bordalo, R.; Nocco, C.; Brunetti, A.; Carvalho, S.; Moreira, P.; Vieira, E.António Soares dos Reis (1847-1889) is considered one of the most important Portuguese sculptors of the 19th century. His work marked the end of Portuguese Romanticism and the beginning of Naturalism. Due to his premature death, his artistic production can be considered modest but of the highest technical quality. Since the sculptor did not leave documents that can help to the understanding of his artistic creative process the main sources are the artworks. Although it is currently possible to find a significant amount of his artwork in bronze, the number of metal casts made during the artist's life is very limited. Accordingly, there are only a few sculptures in bronze made during his lifetime. Instead most of his bronze sculptures, the major part displayed both in museums and outdoors, dates from the 20th century, spanning from the first decades to the 1990s. The study, supported by the Portuguese ERIHS.PT platform, focused on six sculptures using an integrated multi-analytical approach combining by Energy Dispersive X-Ray Fluorescence analysis (EDXRF), Scanning Electron Microscopy with Energy Dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM-EDS), Raman and FTIR spectroscopy to characterize the sculptures with the aim to determine their elemental composition and technological features. Also, a Monte-Carlo approach was used to further a non-destructive study of the metal layers. The main results of this study allowed to obtain the characterization of the bulk metal and its patina and to distinguish the corrosion patterns from internal and external environments. This study will also enable to get a deeper knowledge on evolution of the Portuguese art foundry industry, namely materials, and technical changes between the late 19th century and the 20thcentury.
- Esculturas de Soares dos Reis: análise de características metálicas e corrosão para a preservação artística em ligas de cobrePublication . General-Toro, P.; Bottaini, C.; Bordalo, R.; Moreira, P.; Vieira, E.As esculturas de António Soares dos Reis (1847-1889) representam um acervo inestimável no contexto do património escultórico português do século XIX. No entanto, as suas obras em metal nunca tinham sido estudadas desde o ponto de vista analítico. A degradação de obras esculturais metálicas, causada por fatores intrínsecos e ambientais (impulsionados pelas alterações climáticas), torna necessário o estudo do metal utilizado nas esculturas, bem como as pátinas artificiais e naturais que surgem na superfície. Um estudo analítico de treze esculturas de Soares dos Reis, executado pelo Laboratório HERCULES, permitiu determinar a composição do metal e a tecnologia e práticas de fundição portuguesa, assim como o tipo de corrosão que sofrem estas obras. Os resultados possibilitam estabelecer estratégias de conservação e salvaguarda para melhor proteger este importante patrimônio, não apenas nas obras de Soares do Reis, mas para a escultura em metal em geral.
- O espólio metálico do povoado pré-histórico de Leceia (Oeiras): inventariação e estudo analíticoPublication . Cardoso, J. L.; Bottaini, C.; Mirão, J.; Silva, R. J.; Bordalo, R.This paper presents the results of a study carried on a collection of 144 metal artefacts from the Early (ca. 2800-2600/2500 a.C.) and the Middle/Final Chalcolithic (ca. 2600/2500-2000 a.C.), found at the site of Leceia (Oeiras, Central Portugal) during the excavations conducted between 1983 and 2000. A systematised analysis of the collection was provided in order to enumerate the different typologies found in the site and to determine their chemical composition. From a typological point of view, a great diversity of artifacts was found, namely, punches, fish-hook, flat axes, chisels saws, ingots and foundry reemants. Elemental analysis, by X-ray Fluroescence, shows that the artefacts were made of cooper, with a variable occurrence of arsenic, nickel, silver, antimony, bismuth, lead and iron. In this paper, data is exposed and discussed within the regional early metallurgy