Católica Lisbon Research Unit in Business and Economics (CUBE)
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Browsing Católica Lisbon Research Unit in Business and Economics (CUBE) by Author "Adamovic, Mladen"
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- Family first: evidence of consistency and variation in the value of family versus personal happiness across 49 different culturesPublication . Krys, Kuba; Chun Yeung, June; Haas, Brian W.; van Osch, Yvette; Kosiarczyk, Aleksandra; Kocimska-Zych, Agata; Torres, Claudio; Selim, Heyla A.; Zelenski, John M.; Bond, Michael Harris; Park, Joonha; Lun, Vivian Miu Chi; Maricchiolo, Fridanna; Vauclair, Christin Melanie; Poláčková Šolcová, Iva; Sirlopú, David; Xing, Cai; Vignoles, Vivian L.; van Tilburg, Wijnand A.P.; Teyssier, Julien; Sun, Chien Ru; Serdarevich, Ursula; Schwarz, Beate; Sargautyte, Ruta; Røysamb, Espen; Romashov, Vladyslav; Rizwan, Muhammad; Pavlović, Zoran; Pavlopoulos, Vassilis; Okvitawanli, Ayu; Nadi, Azar; Nader, Martin; Mustaffa, Nur Fariza; Murdock, Elke; Mosca, Oriana; Mohorić, Tamara; Barrientos Marroquin, Pablo Eduardo; Malyonova, Arina; Liu, Xinhui; Lee, J. Hannah; Kwiatkowska, Anna; Kronberger, Nicole; Klůzová Kráčmarová, Lucie; Kascakova, Natalia; Işık, İdil; Igou, Eric R.; Igbokwe, David O.; Hanke-Boer, Diana; Gavreliuc, Alin; Garðarsdóttir, Ragna B.; Fülöp, Márta; Gamsakhurdia, Vladimer; Esteves, Carla Sofia; Domínguez-Espinosa, Alejandra; Denoux, Patrick; Charkviani, Salome; Baltin, Arno; Arevalo, Douglas; Appoh, Lily; Akotia, Charity; Adamovic, Mladen; Uchida, YukikoPeople care about their own well-being and about the well-being of their families. It is currently, however, unknown how much people tend to value their own versus their family’s well-being. A recent study documented that people value family happiness over personal happiness across four cultures. In this study, we sought to replicate this finding across a larger sample size (N = 12,819) and a greater number of countries (N = 49). We found that the strength of the idealization of family over personal happiness preference was small (average Cohen’s ds =.20, range −.02 to.48), but present in 98% of the studied countries, with statistical significance in 73% to 75%, and variance across countries <2%. We also found that the size of this effect did vary somewhat across cultural contexts. In Latin American cultures highest on relational mobility, the idealization of family over personal happiness was very small (average Cohen’s ds for Latin America =.15 and.18), while in Confucian Asia cultures lowest on relational mobility, this effect was closer to medium (ds >.40 and.30). Importantly, we did not find strong support for traditional theories in cross-cultural psychology that associate collectivism with greater prioritization of the family versus the individual; country-level individualism–collectivism was not associated with variation in the idealization of family versus individual happiness. Our findings indicate that no matter how much various populists abuse the argument of “protecting family life” to disrupt emancipation, family happiness seems to be a pan-culturally phenomenon. Family well-being is a key ingredient of social fabric across the world, and should be acknowledged by psychology and well-being researchers and by progressive movements too.
- Grandiose narcissism, unfounded beliefs, and behavioral reactions during the COVID-19 pandemicPublication . Żemojtel-Piotrowska, Magdalena; Sawicki, Artur; Piotrowski, Jarosław; Lifshin, Uri; Kretchner, Mabelle; Skowronski, John J.; Sedikides, Constantine; Jonason, Peter K.; Adamovic, Mladen; Ahmed, Oli; Atitsogbe, Kokou A.; Al-Shawaf, Laith; Appiah, Seth Christopher Yaw; Ardi, Rahkman; Azam, Uzma; Babakr, Zana Hasan; Baldursson, Einar Baldvin; Bălțătescu, Sergiu; Bochaver, Konstantin; Bolatov, Aidos; Bonato, Mario; Bundhoo, Harshalini Y.; Chaleeraktrakoon, Trawin; Chobthamkit, Phatthanakit; Cowden, Richard G.; Counted, Victor; de Clunie, Gisela; Dragova-Koleva, Sonya; Esteves, Carla Sofia; Gouveia, Valdiney V.; Gundolf, Katherine; Hamouda, Salima; Haretche, Carmen; Jeong, Evelyn Hye Kyung; Iliško, Dzintra; Malik, Najma Iqbal; Aruta, John Jamir Benzon; Jia, Fanli; Jovanović, Veljko; Jukić, Tomislav; Jukić, Doroteja Pavan; Kamble, Shanmukh V.; Khachatryan, Narine; Klicperova-Baker, Martina; Kogler, Christoph; Knezović, Emil; Koralov, Metodi; Kovacs, Monika; Eldesoki, Walaa Labib M.; Fernandez, Aitor Larzabal; Liik, Kadi; Malik, Sadia; Maltby, John; Malysheva, Karine; Mamuti, Agim; Mangafic, Jasmina; Moon, Chanki; Milfont, Taciano L.; Muehlbacher, Stephan; Najafi, Reza; Özsoy, Emrah; Park, Joonha; León, Pablo Pérez de; Solcova, Iva Polackova; Ramos-Diaz, Jano; Ridic, Goran; Riđić, Ognjen; Samekin, Adil; Spoto, Andrea; Starc, Andrej; Stefenel, Delia; Trà, Kiều Thị Thanh; Tiliouine, Habib; Tomšik, Robert; Torres-Marín, Jorge; Umeh, Charles S.; Wills-Herrera, Eduardo; Wlodarczyk, Anna; Vally, Zahir; Vauclair, Christin‐Melanie; Yahiiaiev, Illia; Zand, SomayehA theoretical perspective on grandiose narcissism suggests four forms of it (sanctity, admiration, heroism, rivalry) and states that these forms conduce to different ways of thinking and acting. Guided by this perspective, we examined in a multinational and multicultural study (61 countries; N = 15,039) how narcissism forms are linked to cognitions and behaviors prompted by the COVID-19 pandemic. As expected, differences in cognitions and behaviors across narcissism forms emerged. For example, higher narcissistic rivalry predicted lower likelihood of enactment of COVID-19 prevention behaviors, but higher narcissistic sanctity predicted higher likelihood of enactment of COVID-19 prevention behaviors. Further, whereas the heroism, admiration, and rivalry narcissism forms acted in a typically antisocial manner, with high narcissism predicting greater endorsement of unfounded health beliefs, the sanctity form acted in a prosocial manner, with higher narcissism being linked to lower endorsement of unfounded COVID-19 health beliefs. Thus, the findings (a) support the idea of four narcissism forms acting differently, and (b) show that these differences reflect a double-edged sword, sometimes linking to an anti-social orientation, and sometimes linking to a pro-social orientation.
- Happiness maximization is a WEIRD way of livingPublication . Krys, Kuba; Kostoula, Olga; Tilburg, Wijnand A. P. van; Mosca, Oriana; Lee, J. Hannah; Maricchiolo, Fridanna; Kosiarczyk, Aleksandra; Kocimska-Bortnowska, Agata; Torres, Claudio; Hitokoto, Hidefumi; Liew, Kongmeng; Bond, Michael H.; Lun, Vivian Miu Chi; Vignoles, Vivian L.; Zelenski, John M.; Haas, Brian W.; Park, Joonha; Vauclair, Christin Melanie; Kwiatkowska, Anna; Roczniewska, Marta; Witoszek, Nina; Işık, I. dil; Kosakowska-Berezecka, Natasza; Domínguez-Espinosa, Alejandra; Yeung, June Chun; Górski, Maciej; Adamovic, Mladen; Albert, Isabelle; Pavlopoulos, Vassilis; Fülöp, Márta; Sirlopu, David; Okvitawanli, Ayu; Boer, Diana; Teyssier, Julien; Malyonova, Arina; Gavreliuc, Alin; Serdarevich, Ursula; Akotia, Charity S.; Appoh, Lily; Mira, D. M. Arévalo; Baltin, Arno; Denoux, Patrick; Esteves, Carla Sofia; Gamsakhurdia, Vladimer; Garðarsdóttir, Ragna B.; Igbokwe, David O.; Igou, Eric R.; Kascakova, Natalia; Kračmárová, Lucie Klůzová; Kronberger, Nicole; Barrientos, Pablo Eduardo; Mohoricć, Tamara; Murdock, Elke; Mustaffa, Nur Fariza; Nader, Martin; Nadi, Azar; Osch, Yvette van; Pavlović, Zoran; Šolcová, Iva Poláčková; Rizwan, Muhammad; Romashov, Vladyslav; Røysamb, Espen; Sargautyte, Ruta; Schwarz, Beate; Selecká, Lenka; Selim, Heyla A.; Stogianni, Maria; Sun, Chien Ru; Wojtczuk-Turek, Agnieszka; Xing, Cai; Uchida, YukikoPsychological science tends to treat subjective well-being and happiness synonymously. We start from the assumption that subjective well-being is more than being happy to ask the fundamental question: What is the ideal level of happiness? From a cross-cultural perspective, we propose that the idealization of attaining maximum levels of happiness may be especially characteristic of Western, educated, industrial, rich, and democratic (WEIRD) societies but less so for others. Searching for an explanation for why “happiness maximization” might have emerged in these societies, we turn to studies linking cultures to their eco-environmental habitat. We discuss the premise that WEIRD cultures emerged in an exceptionally benign ecological habitat (i.e., faced relatively light existential pressures compared with other regions). We review the influence of the Gulf Stream on the Northwestern European climate as a source of these comparatively benign geographical conditions. We propose that the ecological conditions in which WEIRD societies emerged afforded them a basis to endorse happiness as a value and to idealize attaining its maximum level. To provide a nomological network for happiness maximization, we also studied some of its potential side effects, namely alcohol and drug consumption and abuse and the prevalence of mania. To evaluate our hypothesis, we reanalyze data from two large-scale studies on ideal levels of personal life satisfaction—the most common operationalization of happiness in psychology—involving respondents from 61 countries. We conclude that societies whose members seek to maximize happiness tend to be characterized as WEIRD, and generalizing this across societies can prove problematic if adopted at the ideological and policy level.
- Introduction to a culturally sensitive measure of well-being: combining life satisfaction and interdependent happiness across 49 different culturesPublication . Krys, Kuba; Haas, Brian W.; Igou, Eric Raymond; Kosiarczyk, Aleksandra; Kocimska-Bortnowska, Agata; Kwiatkowska, Anna; Lun, Vivian Miu Chi; Maricchiolo, Fridanna; Park, Joonha; Šolcová, Iva Poláčková; Sirlopú, David; Uchida, Yukiko; Vauclair, Christin Melanie; Vignoles, Vivian L.; Zelenski, John M.; Adamovic, Mladen; Akotia, Charity S.; Albert, Isabelle; Appoh, Lily; Mira, D. M.Arévalo; Baltin, Arno; Denoux, Patrick; Domínguez-Espinosa, Alejandra; Esteves, Carla Sofia; Gamsakhurdia, Vladimer; Fülöp, Márta; Garðarsdóttir, Ragna B.; Gavreliuc, Alin; Boer, Diana; Igbokwe, David O.; Işık, İdil; Kascakova, Natalia; Klůzová Kráčmarová, Lucie; Kosakowska-Berezecka, Natasza; Kostoula, Olga; Kronberger, Nicole; Lee, J. Hannah; Liu, Xinhui; Łużniak-Piecha, Magdalena; Malyonova, Arina; Barrientos, Pablo Eduardo; Mohorić, Tamara; Mosca, Oriana; Murdock, Elke; Mustaffa, Nur Fariza; Nader, Martin; Nadi, Azar; Okvitawanli, Ayu; van Osch, Yvette; Pavlopoulos, Vassilis; Pavlović, Zoran; Rizwan, Muhammad; Romashov, Vladyslav; Røysamb, Espen; Sargautyte, Ruta; Schwarz, Beate; Selim, Heyla A.; Serdarevich, Ursula; Stogianni, Maria; Sun, Chien Ru; Teyssier, Julien; van Tilburg, Wijnand A.P.; Torres, Claudio; Xing, Cai; Bond, Michael HarrisHow can one conclude that well-being is higher in country A than country B, when well-being is being measured according to the way people in country A think about well-being? We address this issue by proposing a new culturally sensitive method to comparing societal levels of well-being. We support our reasoning with data on life satisfaction and interdependent happiness focusing on individual and family, collected mostly from students, across forty-nine countries. We demonstrate that the relative idealization of the two types of well-being varies across cultural contexts and are associated with culturally different models of selfhood. Furthermore, we show that rankings of societal well-being based on life satisfaction tend to underestimate the contribution from interdependent happiness. We introduce a new culturally sensitive method for calculating societal well-being, and examine its construct validity by testing for associations with the experience of emotions and with individualism-collectivism. This new culturally sensitive approach represents a slight, yet important improvement in measuring well-being.
- Societal emotional environments and cross-cultural differences in life satisfaction: a forty-nine country studyPublication . Krys, Kuba; Yeung, June Chun; Capaldi, Colin A.; Lun, Vivian Miu-Chi; Torres, Claudio; Tilburg, Wijnand A. P. van; Bond, Michael Harris; Zelenski, John M.; Haas, Brian W.; Park, Joonha; Maricchiolo, Fridanna; Vauclair, Christin-Melanie; Kosiarczyk, Aleksandra; Kocimska-Zych, Agata; Kwiatkowska, Anna; Adamovic, Mladen; Pavlopoulos, Vassilis; Fulop, Marta; Sirlopu, David; Okvitawanli, Ayu; Boer, Diana; Teyssier, Julien; Malyonova, Arina; Gavreliuc, Alin; Uchida, Yukiko; Serdarevich, Ursula; Akotia, Charity; Appoh, Lily; Mira, D. M. Arevalo; Baltin, Arno; Denoux, Patrick; Dominguez-Espinosa, Alejandra; Esteves, Carla Sofia; Gamsakhurdia, Vladimer; Garoarsdottir, Ragna B.; Igbokwe, David O.; Igou, Eric R.; Isik, Idil; Kascakova, Natalia; Kracmarova, Lucie Kluzova; Kronberger, Nicole; Lee, J. Hannah; Liu, Xinhui; Barrientos, Pablo Eduardo; Mohoric, Tamara; Mustaffa, Nur Fariza; Mosca, Oriana; Nader, Martin; Nadi, Azar; Osch, Yvette van; Pavlovic, Zoran; Solcova, Iva Polackova; Rizwan, Muhammad; Romashov, Vladyslav; Roysamb, Espen; Sargautyte, Ruta; Schwarz, Beate; Selecka, Lenka; Selim, Heyla A.; Stogianni, Maria; Sun, Chien-Ru; Xing, Cai; Vignoles, Vivian L.In this paper, we introduce the concept of 'societal emotional environment': the emotional climate of a society (operationalized as the degree to which positive and negative emotions are expressed in a society). Using data collected from 12,888 participants across 49 countries, we show how societal emotional environments vary across countries and cultural clusters, and we consider the potential importance of these differences for well-being. Multilevel analyses supported a 'double-edged sword' model of negative emotion expression, where expression of negative emotions predicted higher life satisfaction for the expresser but lower life satisfaction for society. In contrast, partial support was found for higher societal life satisfaction in positive societal emotional environments. Our study highlights the potential utility and importance of distinguishing between positive and negative emotion expression, and adopting both individual and societal perspectives in well-being research. Individual pathways to happiness may not necessarily promote the happiness of others.
- The role of cultural heterogeneity in strengthening the link between family relationships and life satisfaction in 50 societiesPublication . Li, Liman Man Wai; Lun, Vivian Miu Chi; Bond, Michael Harris; Yeung, June Chun; Igou, Eric Raymond; Haas, Brian W.; Stoyanova, Stanislava; Maricchiolo, Fridanna; Zelenski, John M.; Vauclair, Christin Melanie; Uchida, Yukiko; Šolcová, Iva Poláčková; Sirlopú, David; Park, Joonha; Kosiarczyk, Aleksandra; Kocimska-Zych, Agata; Capaldi, Colin A.; Adamovic, Mladen; Akotia, Charity S.; Albert, Isabelle; Appoh, Lily; Arevalo, Douglas; Baltin, Arno; Denoux, Patrick; Domínguez-Espinosa, Alejandra; Esteves, Carla Sofia; Gamsakhurdia, Vladimer; Fülöp, Márta; Garðarsdóttir, Ragna B.; Gavreliuc, Alin; Boer, Diana; Igbokwe, David O.; Işık, İdil; Kascakova, Natalia; Kračmárová, Lucie Klůzová; Kostoula, Olga; Kronberger, Nicole; Kwiatkowska, Anna; Lee, J. Hannah; Liu, Xinhui; Łużniak-Piecha, Magdalena; Malyonova, Arina; Marroquin, Pablo Eduardo Barrientos; Mohorić, Tamara; Mosca, Oriana; Murdock, Elke; Mustaffa, Nur Fariza; Nader, Martin; Nadi, Azar; Okvitawanli, Ayu; Osch, Yvette van; Pavlopoulos, Vassilis; Pavlović, Zoran; Rizwan, Muhammad; Romashov, Vladyslav; Røysamb, Espen; Sargautyte, Ruta; Schwarz, Beate; Selim, Heyla A.; Serdarevich, Ursula; Stogianni, Maria; Sun, Chien Ru; Teyssier, Julien; Tilburg, Wijnand A. P. van; Torres, Claudio; Vignoles, Vivian L.; Xing, Cai; Krys, KubaWe argue that the importance of family relationships for individual well-being varies across societies as a function of a society’s degree of cultural heterogeneity. To examine the role of family relationships, we analyzed the responses from 13,009 participants in 50 societies on their life satisfaction across societies varying in their levels of historical and contemporary cultural heterogeneity. Such heterogeneity creates differences in the frequency of interacting with unfamiliar groups, which leads families to become more central to their members’ satisfaction with life. Multi-level analyses showed that historical and contemporary cultural heterogeneity moderated the pattern such that greater historical or contemporary cultural heterogeneity of society promoted a stronger positive relation between family relationship satisfaction and individual life satisfaction. Our results also revealed that the moderating role of historical cultural heterogeneity was more reliable than that of contemporary cultural heterogeneity. These findings demonstrate the importance of societal demography in shaping people’s psychological processes in different historical periods, suggesting a universal, trans-historical cultural process.