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A creatina é um composto não proteico, sintetizado endogenamente pelo ser humano, que pode também ser utilizado de forma exógena. Os estudos existentes, incidem sobretudo sobre o potencial ergogénico deste composto, durante a prática de exercício físico de alta intensidade, e, portanto, nesta vertente de pesquisa, as amostras são compostas essencialmente por atletas. As evidências estendem-se ainda a situações patológicas, em que a creatina pode ser útil, por exemplo, na melhoria das condições clínicas, e ainda, ter um papel de neuroprotecção fetal. O presente trabalho, aborda as ações da creatina enquanto suplemento ergogénico e terapêutico, especificamente na mulher e na criança/adolescente. Apesar da síntese endógena de creatina, na mulher, ser inferior à dos homens, os valores séricos, parecem ser semelhantes em ambos os sexos. O efeito ergogénico, conseguido a partir da administração exógena de creatina, verifica-se também em ambos os sexos. No que diz respeito aos aumentos de massa isenta de gordura e de peso corporal, os indivíduos do sexo feminino têm um benefício inferior aos indivíduos do sexo masculino. No caso da criança e do adolescente atleta, os poucos trabalhos existentes na literatura, apontam para um papel positivo na melhoria do desempenho desportivo, com o uso exógeno de creatina. Em situações patológicas, caracterizadas pelo défice de creatina, a suplementação é eficaz no aumento dos níveis de creatina cerebral, com uma consequente melhoria dos sintomas e regressão da doença. O aumento dos níveis de creatina cerebral, parece ser ainda um mecanismo que poderá potenciar um melhor desempenho cognitivo, e ainda, ter um impacto positivo em situações, como a privação de sono. No caso dos portadores de distrofias musculares, com amostras compostas essencialmente por crianças, os estudos demonstram, que se verifica, uma melhoria da força muscular e dos marcadores da doença. Na mulher, em particular, destaca-se a utilização de creatina como tratamento em Perturbações Depressivas, como a Perturbação Depressiva Major. Estudos preliminares apontam para um efeito neuroprotetor da creatina, no feto, quando administrada à mãe, ainda na fase gestacional, sendo estes dados de especial relevância, dada a vulnerabilidade do cérebro fetal a lesões, causadas por diferentes fatores.
Creatine is a non-protein compound, synthesized endogenously by humans, which can also be used exogenously. The existing studies focus mainly on the ergogenic potential of this compound, during the practice of high intensity physical exercise, and, therefore, in research, the samples are composed essentially by athletes. The evidence also extends to pathological situations, in which creatine can be useful, for example, in improving clinical conditions, and, in having a role in fetal neuroprotection. The present work addresses the actions of creatine as an ergogenic and therapeutic supplement, specifically in women and children / adolescent. Even though endogenous creatine synthesis in women is lower than in men, serum values appear to be similar in both sexes. The ergogenic effect, obtained from the exogenous administration of creatine, is also seen in both sexes. Regarding to increases in fat-free mass and body weight, females have a lower benefit than males. In the case of children and adolescent athletes, the few studies in the literature, point to a positive role in improving sports performance, with the exogenous use of creatine. In pathological situations, characterized by creatine deficiency, supplementation is effective in increasing cerebral creatine levels, with a consequent improvement in symptoms and regression of the disease. The increase in cerebral creatine levels seems to be a mechanism that may enhance a better cognitive performance, and, have a positive impact in situations such as sleep deprivation. In the case of patients with muscular dystrophies, with samples composed essentially by children, studies show that there is an improvement in muscle strength and disease markers. In women, particularly the use of creatine as a treatment in Depressive Disorders, such as Major Depressive Disorder, stands out. Preliminary studies point to a neuroprotective effect of creatine, in the fetus, when administered to the mother, still in the gestational phase. This data has special relevance, given the vulnerability of the fetal brain to injuries, caused by different factors.
Creatine is a non-protein compound, synthesized endogenously by humans, which can also be used exogenously. The existing studies focus mainly on the ergogenic potential of this compound, during the practice of high intensity physical exercise, and, therefore, in research, the samples are composed essentially by athletes. The evidence also extends to pathological situations, in which creatine can be useful, for example, in improving clinical conditions, and, in having a role in fetal neuroprotection. The present work addresses the actions of creatine as an ergogenic and therapeutic supplement, specifically in women and children / adolescent. Even though endogenous creatine synthesis in women is lower than in men, serum values appear to be similar in both sexes. The ergogenic effect, obtained from the exogenous administration of creatine, is also seen in both sexes. Regarding to increases in fat-free mass and body weight, females have a lower benefit than males. In the case of children and adolescent athletes, the few studies in the literature, point to a positive role in improving sports performance, with the exogenous use of creatine. In pathological situations, characterized by creatine deficiency, supplementation is effective in increasing cerebral creatine levels, with a consequent improvement in symptoms and regression of the disease. The increase in cerebral creatine levels seems to be a mechanism that may enhance a better cognitive performance, and, have a positive impact in situations such as sleep deprivation. In the case of patients with muscular dystrophies, with samples composed essentially by children, studies show that there is an improvement in muscle strength and disease markers. In women, particularly the use of creatine as a treatment in Depressive Disorders, such as Major Depressive Disorder, stands out. Preliminary studies point to a neuroprotective effect of creatine, in the fetus, when administered to the mother, still in the gestational phase. This data has special relevance, given the vulnerability of the fetal brain to injuries, caused by different factors.
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Keywords
Creatina Metabolismo energético Mulher Criança Performance Cognição Creatine Energetic metabolism Women Children Cognition